Phase 3 Data Recovery, Cultural Resource Management Survey, Highway Program, Lindesay Site (SUBi-1705, NYSM #10316), PIN 5002.07.321, MCD 06308, NY 18F, Town of Porter, Niagara County

The Lindesay Site overlooks the Lower Niagara River. The Lindesay Site occurs on a relatively undisturbed upland landscape. The soils are characterized by a strong degree of profile development indicative of their age. The site occurs on mature upland soils with little or no disturbance from plowing. Extensive testing for the PIN 5002.07.321 project encountered four other sites (Lewiston I, II, III, and Stella Niagara) in the vicinity of the Lindesay Site. Lewiston II and III were located just south and north of the Lindesay Site. Site exams conducted at these sites recovered diagnostic artifacts. This work indicates that the area along NY 18F was recurrently occupied over a long period, possibly in relationship to the site area’s use as a transportation artery.

The site was tested through a series of STPs and 1x1 m (3.3 x 3.3 ft) units through the stages of excavation. The excavations covered 15.9% of the entire site with intensity varying between 2.5-45% of individual site clusters. The excavation units contained an A horizon that varied in depth to 63 cm (25 in), with an average depth of 37 cm (14.5 in), and an E horizon with depths ranging from 15-75 cm (6-30 in), with an average thickness of 39 cm (15 in).

Archaeologists recovered 4750 pieces of lithic debitage, 324 expedient tools (utilized flakes), 1930 pieces of fire-cracked rock, and 938 fragments of pottery representing 22 vessels. In addition, 23 features were investigated, including hearths and post molds. The Lindesay Site is a multi-component site with Late Archaic, Early Woodland and Late Woodland Components. Due to bioturbation, there is no vertical stratification at the site. There is some horizontal stratification. Site Area BC has several overlapping hearth features which date to about the same time period. Site Area C has Late Archaic and Early Woodland components. The distribution of artifacts and components over the site area indicates that the site was recurrently occupied over an extended period, perhaps the last 11,000 years. Most of the scattered lithic evidence seems to be indicative of small ephemeral camps, perhaps associated with the transportation route. Site Area BC is a resource processing site, with extensive evidence of the manufacture of expedient tools and the processing of marine resources.

The Lindesay Site is a part of a series of sites adjacent to a transportation route used from prehistory to the present. The site is eligible for the National Register. The site represents recurrent occupation over an extended period of time. The site was to be impacted by the construction of a pedestrian walkway. The excavation examined 126 m² (15.9%) of the entire site within the project boundaries (4 x 265 m). An end of field letter was submitted in 1999 following completion of fieldwork, stating that no work was recommended on the site and was accepted by the New York State Historic Preservation Officer.

林赛遗址（Lindesay Site）俯瞰下尼亚加拉河。该遗址坐落于一处相对未受干扰的高地景观中，其土壤具有显著的剖面发育程度，这是其形成年代的标志性特征。遗址位于成熟高地土壤之上，几乎未受耕作扰动。在PIN 5002.07.321项目的大范围勘探中，于林赛遗址周边共发现另外四处遗址：刘易斯顿I、II、III号遗址（Lewiston I, II, III）以及斯特拉尼亚加拉遗址（Stella Niagara）。其中刘易斯顿II号与III号遗址分别位于林赛遗址的南侧与北侧。对上述遗址开展的现场勘查出土了诊断性人工遗物，相关研究表明，纽约18F号公路沿线区域在漫长时期内持续被人类占据，这可能与该区域作为交通要道的功能有关。

该遗址通过一系列STPs以及1米×1米（3.3英尺×3.3英尺）探方，在发掘各阶段开展了测试工作。发掘面积覆盖整个遗址的15.9%，各遗址片区的发掘强度介于2.5%至45%之间。发掘探方内可见耕作层（A horizon），其埋藏深度可达63厘米（25英寸），平均深度为37厘米（14.5英寸）；另有淋溶层（E horizon），埋藏深度介于15厘米至75厘米（6英寸至30英寸）之间，平均厚度为39厘米（15英寸）。

考古学家共出土4750件石屑（lithic debitage）、324件应急工具（expedient tools，即使用型石片）、1930块火烧岩（fire-cracked rock）以及938片陶器碎片，对应22件容器。此外，还对23处遗迹进行了发掘，包括灶坑与柱洞。林赛遗址属于多组分遗址（multi-component site），包含晚古风期（Late Archaic）、早伍德兰期（Early Woodland）与晚伍德兰期（Late Woodland）文化遗存。由于生物扰动作用（bioturbation），该遗址不存在垂直层理（vertical stratification），但存在一定的水平层理（horizontal stratification）。BC遗址片区存在多处重叠的灶坑遗迹，其年代大致处于同一时期；C遗址片区则包含晚古风期与早伍德兰期文化遗存。遗址内人工遗物与文化遗存的分布特征表明，该区域在漫长时期内持续被人类占据，时长或可达近11000年。绝大多数分散的石质遗存均指向小型临时性营地，可能与该区域的交通要道功能相关。BC遗址片区属于资源加工场所，存在大量应急工具制作与海洋资源加工的考古证据。

林赛遗址是史前至今持续使用的交通要道沿线遗址群的组成部分，符合美国国家史迹名录（National Register）的入选标准。该遗址见证了漫长时期内的持续人类占据行为，原计划受人行步道建设工程的影响。本次发掘在项目边界（4×265米）范围内对遗址内126平方米（占总面积的15.9%）的区域进行了勘探。1999年野外工作完成后，提交了野外终期报告，指出无需对该遗址开展进一步工作，该结论已获纽约州历史保护官员（New York State Historic Preservation Officer）批准。