Calculation of provincial panel carbon emissions data in China from 2000 to 2021

China is an important contributor to global carbon emissions. With the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and China's carbon neutrality strategy, accurate estimation of carbon emissions is crucial for carbon reduction and peaking. However, previous estimates of China's carbon emissions mainly focused on short-term data, which is insufficient to describe the evolution trend and carbon reduction effect. Therefore, we chose the basic energy consumption data from 2000 to 2021 as historical data, and then generated a carbon emission dataset using the internationally recognized carbon emission factor method. This dataset can be used to depict the spatiotemporal variations of carbon emissions in China. This study can provide Chinese strategies and wisdom for carbon reduction.