Open Innovation Capability and Digital Procurement Transformation in Vietnamese SMEs

Data for this study were collected through a structured survey targeting managers and decision-makers responsible for procurement, supply chain management, and digital transformation within Vietnamese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
A purposive sampling approach was employed to ensure that respondents possessed relevant domain knowledge and practical experience in procurement and innovation-related activities. The target population included firms operating in manufacturing, logistics, and retail sectors, where digital procurement transformation is increasingly critical.
The questionnaire was initially developed in English based on validated scales from prior literature and subsequently translated into Vietnamese using a back-translation technique to ensure semantic equivalence. To enhance content validity and clarity, a pilot test was conducted with a group of academic experts and industry practitioners. Feedback from the pilot phase was incorporated to refine wording, eliminate ambiguity, and ensure contextual relevance.
Data collection was conducted between January and June 2024 using an online survey platform (Google Forms) and through direct distribution via professional networks, business associations, and email invitations. Participation was voluntary, and respondents were assured of anonymity and confidentiality to reduce potential response bias and encourage honest reporting.
A total of 468 responses were collected. After data screening procedures, including the removal of incomplete responses, detection of straight-lining patterns, and consistency checks, 420 valid responses were retained for analysis. The final sample size satisfies recommended thresholds for Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and is also adequate for fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA).