High-speed visualization of the bubble dynamics on copper tubes

High-speed visualization of the bubble dynamics. Four copper tubes were used: a) Sample 1 (Ra = 0.032 µm), (b) Sample 2 (Ra = 0.108 µm), (c) Sample 3 (Ra = 0.544 µm), and (d) Sample 4 (surface: Ra = 0.544 µm + hexagonal hydrophobic patterns: Ra = 0.318 µm). Second heat flux interval (~ 30 kW/m2) & fourth heat flux interval (~ 450 kW/m2). For visualization of the four samples during the second heat flux interval (see supplementary movie 1) and the fourth heat flux interval (see supplementary movie 2).气泡动力学高速可视化研究。本次实验共采用四根铜管试样，具体如下：(a) 样品1（表面粗糙度Ra=0.032 µm）、(b) 样品2（Ra=0.108 µm）、(c) 样品3（Ra=0.544 µm），以及(d) 样品4（基底表面Ra=0.544 µm，带有六边形疏水图案，图案区域Ra=0.318 µm）。实验覆盖第二热流密度区间（约30 kW/m²）与第四热流密度区间（约450 kW/m²）。 本数据集记录了四个样品在第二热流密度区间（详见补充视频1）及第四热流密度区间（详见补充视频2）下的可视化过程。