Oceanic acidification - Hatching rates of wild and farmed atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)

Ocean acidification (OA) has been shown to affect larval development in fish but with little change in egg fertilization and hatching success when gametes alone are incubated at higher CO2 level. Little is known of the effects of OA on adult fish reproduction. In the present study we planned to examine the influence of OA on reproduction itself in the adult atlantic cod in both farmed and wild fish. In future OA scenarios it is clear that all life stages will be exposed to higher CO2 levels. It is therefore logical to look at responses of fecundity and gonad development in these stages before examining egg and larval survival from such parents. The wider significance of this project is that the influence of OA at the broodstock level is unknown within fish species and the NOFIMA infrastructure access provides a unique opportunity to study this threat to the cod populations of the future. Through pre-incubation of parents at high and low CO2 levels it has been possible to study trans-generation effects with eggs and sperm from fish with and without pre-exposure to carbon dioxide (OA)

海洋酸化（Ocean Acidification）已被证实会影响鱼类的幼体发育，但当仅将配子置于高二氧化碳浓度环境中培养时，卵子受精率与孵化率几乎无显著变化。目前对于OA对成鱼繁殖的影响仍知之甚少。本研究旨在探究OA对养殖与野生成年大西洋鳕繁殖过程本身的影响。在未来的OA情景下，所有生命阶段的生物都将暴露于高二氧化碳浓度环境中，这已是明确的事实。因此，在探究此类亲本所产卵子与幼体的存活率之前，先研究这些生命阶段的繁殖力与性腺发育响应，是合乎逻辑的研究路径。本项目的更广泛意义在于：鱼类亲体群体层面的OA影响在鱼类类群中仍属未知，而借助NOFIMA的基础设施资源，我们得以获得研究这一未来鳕鱼种群威胁的独特契机。通过将亲鱼分别置于高、低二氧化碳浓度环境中预培养，我们得以利用预暴露与未预暴露于OA环境的鱼类所产生的卵子与精子，开展跨代效应相关研究。