A dataset of hydrological effects induced by historical and modern earthquakes in the Southern Apennines of Italy

We present a dataset of 610 observations of hydrological changes associated with 40 seismic events that occurred in Southern Italy between 1688 and 2019 with magnitude ranging between M=4.1 and M=7.1. We report variations in the discharge of rivers and springs, the level of the water in wells, effects of liquefaction, turbid flow, and variations of the chemical-physical parameters of waters. The data was collected between 2020 and 2024 as one of the outcomes of the Project ‘Further - The role of fluids in the preparatory phase of earthquakes in Southern Apennines’, which aims at investigating the whole pathway of fluids from the source to the surface in peninsular Southern Italy., Data was collected in archives and libraries, genre literature, newspapers, seismic postacards, macroseismic questionnaires, specific online databases, scientific papers. The hydrological data were filed by earthquake into individual folders composed of 1) a sub-folder with the original sources of information, 2) a text file with notes and transcriptions of the original observations, along with references and bibliography, and 3) a Google spreadsheets file with the database of hydrological observations. Following a final round of screening and editing of the collected data, we merged each single Google spreadsheet (relative to the individual earthquakes) in a unique Microsoft Excel spreadsheets file (XLS)., , # A dataset of hydrological effects induced by historical and modern earthquakes in the Southern Apennines of Italy

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.76hdr7t62](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.76hdr7t62)

## Description of the data and file structure

The dataset contains 610 observations of hydrological changes associated with 40 seismic events with magnitude ranging between M=4.1 and M=7.1, that have occurred in three areas of Southern Italy (Sannio-Matese, Irpinia-Mefite, Pollino) between 1688 and 2019. We report variations of the discharge of rivers and springs, of the level of the water in wells, effects of liquefaction, turbid flow, and variation of the chemical-physical parameters of waters. The hydrological informations were collected from archives and libraries, coeval chronicles, official reports, newspapers, seismic postcards, macroseismic questionnaires, online databases, and scientific papers.

### Files and variables

#### File: Dryad\_dataset\_revised.csv

**Description:** 

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本数据集收录了1688年至2019年间意大利南部发生的40次地震事件相关的610项水文变化观测记录，这些地震的震级介于M=4.1至M=7.1之间。本数据集涵盖河流与泉水流量变化、井水位变化、液化效应、浊流现象以及水体理化参数变化等内容。

本数据集的数据采集工作于2020年至2024年间完成，是"Further——意大利南部亚平宁山区地震孕育阶段的流体作用"（*Further - The role of fluids in the preparatory phase of earthquakes in Southern Apennines*）项目的研究成果之一，该项目旨在探究意大利南部半岛区域内流体从震源到地表的完整运移路径。

数据采集自档案与图书馆馆藏、各类文献、报纸、地震明信片、宏观地震调查问卷、专项在线数据库以及学术论文。

水文数据按地震事件分别归档至独立文件夹，每个文件夹包含三部分内容：1）存储原始信息来源的子文件夹；2）包含原始观测记录的注释与转录文本，以及参考文献与书目信息的文本文件；3）存储水文观测数据库的Google表格文件。

在对采集到的数据进行最终筛查与编辑后，我们将每一份针对单个地震事件的Google表格合并为一个统一的Microsoft Excel表格文件（XLS格式）。

# 意大利南部亚平宁山区历史与现代地震引发水文效应数据集

https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.76hdr7t62

## 数据与文件结构说明
本数据集收录了1688年至2019年间意大利南部三个区域（桑尼奥-马泰塞、伊尔皮尼亚-梅菲特、波利诺）发生的40次震级介于M=4.1至M=7.1的地震事件相关的610项水文变化观测记录。本数据集涵盖河流与泉水流量变化、井水位变化、液化效应、浊流现象以及水体理化参数变化等内容。水文信息采集自档案与图书馆馆藏、同期纪事、官方报告、报纸、地震明信片、宏观地震调查问卷、在线数据库以及学术论文。

### 文件与变量
#### 文件：Dryad_dataset_revised.csv
**描述：**

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