Data and code from: Diverse relationships between amplitude and frequency in bird vocalizations

Animals use sounds to communicate in contexts that are crucial for survival and reproduction. One compelling feature of acoustic signals is that two main domains of variation — frequency and amplitude — can interact with each other for reasons both evolutionary and mechanistic, in ways that are framed by conflicting predictions. To explore this issue, we obtained amplitude-calibrated field recordings and assessed relationships between vocal frequency and amplitude in 53 species of birds. Our main findings are twofold. First, we identify considerable variation across species in their amplitude–frequency relationships, emerging as positive in 27 species, negative in 12 species, and not discernible in 14 species. This variation, as well as results from phylogenetic models, suggest that amplitude–frequency relationships in birds are not governed by any universal rule. Second, throughout our sample — and particularly in oscines (songbirds) — we find that ranges of frequency variation are, by..., Details on how this dataset was constructed can be found in Supplementary Methods sections 1–2 of the associated article., , # Data and code from: Diverse relationships between amplitude and frequency in bird vocalizations

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dv41ns26r](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dv41ns26r)

2025-03-21

The files deposited here should allow anyone to rerun all analyses and figures in the article \"Diverse relationships between amplitude and frequency in bird vocalizations\". All you have to do is download all files to your R working directory, unzip the zipped folders, and run code as you wish.

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## Contents

* Commented R codes (**codes.R2.html**): This HTML file contains a step-by-step guide for reproducing all analyses and figures in the article. Available on Zenodo.
* File that generates codes.html (**codes.R2.Rmd**): This R Markdown file is the raw version of the HTML file above. Available on Zenodo.
* Main dataset (**ampfreq_data.csv**): This CSV file contains the data that underlie our analyses and figures. It is a duplicate ...,