Plant aboveground biomass carbon and nitrogen: Long-Term Nitrogen Deposition: Epopilation, Community, and Ecosystem Consequences

The purpose of this experiment is to measure how adding nitrogen over a long time will affect the number of species, the type of species present, the amount of annual growth, and the change from year to year in the growth of each species in a plant community which is also relieved of grazing by large and small mammals. The experiment is being conducted within fields (A, B, C, and D) which were initially low in soil nutrients. There are 8 different levels of nitrogen addition with other nutrients added to ensure that nitrogen remains the limiting nutrient, and a control which receives no nutrients. There are 6 replicates of the 9 treatments in fields A, B, and C and 5 replicates in field D. The treatments were randomly assigned to the plots. In fields A, B, and C the plots are in 6 by 9 grids and are 4 by 4 meters in size with 1 meter aisles between plots. In field D the plots are 1.5 by 4 meters and are placed in a 3 by 17 grid. The plots are enclosed by a fence to keep out mammalian herbivores. Gophers are trapped and removed as they appear. Nitrogenfertilizer (NH4NO3) is applied twice per year, once in early May and once in late June. This experiment was begun in 1982 by David Tilman.

本实验旨在探究长期施加氮肥对植物群落的物种丰富度、现存物种组成、年生长总量以及各物种生长的年际变化的影响，同时该植物群落已排除大、小型哺乳动物的啃食干扰。本实验设置于初始土壤养分较低的地块（A、B、C、D）中。实验设置8个氮肥施加梯度，并同步添加其他养分以确保氮始终为限制性养分，另设不施加任何养分的对照组。A、B、C地块内的9种处理各设置6次重复，D地块内的处理设置5次重复，处理组随机分配至各实验样地。A、B、C地块内的样地采用6×9的网格布局，单块样地面积为4×4平方米，样地间设置1米宽的通道；D地块内的样地面积为1.5×4平方米，采用3×17的网格布局。所有样地均加装围栏以阻挡哺乳动物草食动物，一旦发现囊地鼠即进行诱捕移除。每年于5月初和6月末两次施加硝酸铵（NH4NO3）氮肥。本实验由戴维·蒂尔曼（David Tilman）于1982年启动。