Emeprical Studies on the difference between urban and rural of different areas in China

ObjectiveThe paper examines whether out-of-pocket health care expenditure also has regional discrepancies, comparing to the equity between urban and rural areas, and across households.MethodSampled data were derived from Urban Household Survey and Rural Household Survey data for 2011/2012 for Anhui Province, and 11049 households were included in this study. The study compared differences in out-of-pocket expenditure on health care between regions (urban vs. rural areas) and years (2011 vs. 2012) using two-sample t-test, and also investigated the degree of inequality using Lorenz and concentration curves.ResultApproximately 5% and 8% of total household consumption expenditure was spent on health care for urban and rural populations, respectively. In 2012, the wealthiest 20% of urban and rural population contributed 49.7% and 55.8% of urban and rural total health expenditure respectively, while the poorest 20% took only 4.7% and 4.4%. The concentration curve for out-of-pocket expenditure ...

研究目标：本研究旨在探讨自付医疗支出（out-of-pocket health care expenditure）是否存在区域差异，并对比城乡及不同家庭间的公平性。
研究方法：本研究的抽样数据取自安徽省2011/2012年城镇住户调查（Urban Household Survey）与农村住户调查（Rural Household Survey）数据，共纳入11049户家庭作为研究样本。本研究采用两样本t检验，对比不同区域（城镇与农村）及不同年份（2011年与2012年）的家庭自付医疗支出差异，并通过洛伦兹曲线（Lorenz curve）与集中曲线（concentration curve）分析不平等程度。
研究结果：城乡居民的自付医疗支出分别占家庭总消费支出的约5%与8%。2012年，城乡最富裕的20%人口分别贡献了城乡医疗总支出的49.7%与55.8%，而最贫困的20%人口仅占4.7%与4.4%。自付医疗支出的集中曲线……