Cardiac Tamponade as a Complication of Type A Acute Aortic Dissection: A Comprehensive Analysis from 25 Years of Registry Data

Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening complication of Type A acute aortic dissection (AAD), significantly increasing morbidity and mortality. This article synthesizes 25 years of registry data to elucidate the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies for cardiac tamponade in the context of Type A AAD. We analyze demographic trends, risk factors, imaging modalities, and surgical outcomes, drawing from global registries such as the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD) and other multicenter studies. The integration of advanced imaging, timely surgical intervention, and multidisciplinary approaches has improved survival rates, though challenges persist in delayed diagnoses and resourcelimited settings. This review provides a comprehensive framework for clinicians and researchers, supported by illustrative figures and an extensive reference list adhering to Vancouver citation standards.心脏压塞（Cardiac tamponade）是A型急性主动脉夹层（Type A acute aortic dissection, AAD）的致命性并发症，可显著升高患者的发病率与死亡率。本文整合了25年的登记研究数据，旨在阐明A型急性主动脉夹层合并心脏压塞的病理生理机制、临床表现、诊断难点及管理策略。本研究依托全球急性主动脉夹层国际登记研究（International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection, IRAD）及其他多中心研究的数据，分析了人口统计学趋势、危险因素、影像学检查手段与手术预后情况。尽管在诊断延误及资源受限的医疗环境中仍存在诸多挑战，但先进影像学技术、及时外科干预及多学科协作模式的整合已显著提升了患者生存率。本综述配有示意性图表，且参考文献列表严格遵循温哥华引文标准（Vancouver citation standards），可为临床医师与科研人员提供一套完整的参考框架。