Pan-Arctic Land Surface (PALS) model drivers and outputs, Version 1.0

This data set includes forcing data and output fields for multimodel simulations of pan-Arctic hydrology. All models were forced with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) 40 Year Re-analysis (ERA-40) data for the period 1979-2002. The forcing fields comprise precipitation, 2-m air temperature, incoming solar and longwave radiation at the surface, 10-m winds and specific humidity at the lowest model level, the latter calculated from dewpoint, temperature and pressure. These are available every 6 h on a grid with an approximate 125 km spacing (the so-called N80 reduced Gaussian grid). Precipitation and radiation fluxes are provided as 6-h accumulations from 6-hr forecasts. Temperature, 10-m winds, pressure and dewpoint represent instantaneous values at the 6-h analysis time. The ERA-40 data on the N-80 grid were interpolated to the 100 km Equal-Area Scalable Earth grid (EASE grid) array.

本数据集涵盖泛北极水文多模式模拟所需的强迫场数据与输出场数据。所有模拟模式均采用欧洲中期天气预报中心（European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, ECMWF）40年再分析（ERA-40）数据集进行强迫驱动，模拟时段为1979年至2002年。强迫场包含降水、2米气温、地表入射短波辐射与长波辐射、10米风速，以及模式最低层的比湿——该比湿由露点、气温与气压计算得到。上述数据以约125公里的网格间距，即所谓的N80缩减高斯网格（N80 reduced Gaussian grid），每6小时输出一次。其中降水与辐射通量以6小时预报生成的6小时累加值形式提供；气温、10米风速、气压与露点则为对应6小时分析时刻的瞬时值。原N80网格上的ERA-40数据已被插值至100公里等面积可缩放地球网格（Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grid, EASE网格）阵列中。