Value-added involved in CO₂ emissions embodied in global demand-supply chains

Embodied carbon emissions research is an important branch of climate change study. Some scholars have noted the value-added chains associated with the carbon emissions embodied in international trade. But they have not covered the global scale and the entire demand-supply chains. This paper tries to investigate this issue and answer how much value-added is gained by countries, especially developing regions that are the main carbon emissions suppliers in the world, and how this value-added changed during 2000–2014, based on the multi-regional input-output table. The conclusions are, on a global average, the value-added gained per unit of carbon emissions embodied in the global demand-supply chain had increased, but it had not brought net value-added to developing regions but instead caused them a net loss of wealth, mainly because developing regions should pay more value-added for their increasingly external demand.隐含碳排放（embodied carbon emissions）研究是气候变化研究领域的重要分支。已有学者关注到国际贸易中隐含碳排放所关联的增值链条，但相关研究尚未覆盖全球尺度与完整的供需链条。本文基于多区域投入产出表（multi-regional input-output table），针对该问题展开研究，旨在解答两大核心问题：其一，各国（尤其是作为全球主要碳排放供给方的发展中地区）获取了多少增值？其二，2000年至2014年间这类增值又发生了怎样的变化？研究结论显示：从全球平均水平来看，全球供需链条中单位隐含碳排放所对应的增值有所提升，但这并未为发展中地区带来净增值，反而使其蒙受了财富净损失，究其根源，在于发展中地区需为日益增长的外部需求支付更多增值。