Snowpack, precipitation, and temperature measurements at the Central Sierra Snow Laboratory for water years 1971 to 2024

The snowpack of the Sierra Nevada Mountains is an indispensable freshwater resource for large portions of western North America. The Central Sierra Snow Laboratory (CSSL) has had an integral role in the measurement of snowfall and snowpack properties within the Sierra Nevada Mountains, and has worked to develop a physical understanding of the processes that govern snow since 1946. This dataset contains measurements of temperature, precipitation quantity, snowfall, and snowpack characteristics, including 24-hour snowfall, snowpack depth, and snow water equivalent for each water year (October 1 to September 30) from 1971 to 2024 at CSSL except for Water Year 2020. Measurements were made at the same location at CSSL for the entirety of the 53-year measurement period to ensure continuity of record with minimal effects from differences in measurement location., Data on snowpack depth and snow water equivalent (SWE) were collected using a federal sampler and/or a large snow stake at 9:00 Pacific Standard Time (PST) each day. New snowfall measurements used a snow board and ruler at 8:00 and 16:00 PST on days when snowfall occurred and were then totaled for daily new snow quantity., Snowfall amounts < 0.5 cm when measured with the snow board and ruler were labelled as \"Trace\" or \"T\" accumulations. Periods with no measurement and/or missing values are recorded as \"--\". References to \"patchy\", \"patches\", \"small patches\", or \"large patches\" are in reference to snow cover on the site. 
Water Years 1971 through 2019 include SWE measurements from a federal sampler on the site. Beginning in Water Year 2021, SWE values that are used are obtained from the USDA NRCS SNOTEL site at the lab. , # Snowpack, precipitation, and temperature measurements at the Central Sierra Snow Laboratory for water years 1971 to 2024

Dataset DOI: [10.6078/D1941T](10.6078/D1941T)

## Description of the data and file structure

Water Years 1971 through 2019 include data on snow depth and SWE measurements that were collected using a federal sampler and/or a large snow stake at 9:00 Pacific Standard Time (PST) each day. New snowfall measurements used a snow board and ruler at 8:00 and 16:00 Pacific Standard Time on days when snowfall occurred and were then totaled for daily new snow quantity.

Beginning in Water Year 2021, SWE values were obtained from the USDA NRCS SNOTEL site at the lab at 00:00 local time and snow depth measurements were obtained from a snow depth pole permanently installed at the site measurement location at 8am PST. New snowfall measurements used a snow board and ruler at 8:00 and 16:00 Pacific Standard Time on days when snowfall occurred and were then totaled for daily new sn...,

内华达山脉（Sierra Nevada Mountains）的积雪是北美西部大片区域不可或缺的淡水资源。内华达山脉中部积雪实验室（Central Sierra Snow Laboratory, CSSL）自1946年起便在内华达山脉的降雪与积雪特性监测中发挥着不可或缺的作用，并致力于构建积雪相关过程的物理认知。

本数据集涵盖温度、降水量、降雪量以及积雪特性的观测数据，包含1971年至2024年每个水文年（10月1日至次年9月30日）的24小时降雪量、积雪深度与雪水当量（snow water equivalent, SWE），但2020水文年数据缺失。整个53年的观测均在CSSL的同一地点开展，以确保记录连续性，最大限度降低观测地点差异带来的影响。

积雪深度与雪水当量的观测采用联邦级采样器和/或大型雪测桩，于每日太平洋标准时间（Pacific Standard Time, PST）9:00进行。当出现降雪时，采用雪板与直尺分别于太平洋标准时间8:00和16:00测量新增降雪量，随后汇总为当日新增降雪总量。

使用雪板与直尺测量的降雪量小于0.5厘米时，标记为“微量（Trace）”或“T”。未开展观测或存在缺失值的时段以“--”记录。文中提及的“斑块状”“斑块”“小斑块”或“大斑块”均指代观测场地的积雪覆盖情况。

1971至2019水文年的雪水当量数据来自场地内的联邦采样器。自2021水文年起，所用雪水当量数据取自该实验室下属的美国农业部自然资源保护局（USDA NRCS）雪遥测（SNOTEL）站点。

# 内华达山脉中部积雪实验室1971至2024水文年积雪、降水与温度观测数据集

数据集DOI：[10.6078/D1941T](10.6078/D1941T)

## 数据与文件结构说明
1971至2019水文年的积雪深度与雪水当量数据，采用联邦级采样器和/或大型雪测桩于每日太平洋标准时间9:00采集。当出现降雪时，新增降雪量通过雪板与直尺分别于太平洋标准时间8:00和16:00测量后汇总为当日总量。

自2021水文年起，雪水当量数据取自该实验室场地内的美国农业部自然资源保护局雪遥测站点，采集时间为当地时间00:00；积雪深度数据则采用永久安装于观测地点的雪深杆，于太平洋标准时间上午8:00采集。当出现降雪时，新增降雪量仍通过雪板与直尺分别于太平洋标准时间8:00和16:00测量后汇总为当日总量……