THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARABIC LINGUISTICS DURING THE ABBASID ERA

This article examines the “Golden Age” of Arabic linguistics under the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258). It traces how Arabic evolved from a primarily religious and literary medium into a universal language of science. The study highlights the scholarly rivalry between the Basra and Kufa grammatical schools—especially their debates over qiyās (analogy) and samʿ (attested usage/auditory transmission)—and shows how these methodological differences contributed to the codification of linguistic norms. The article also analyzes the foundational role of Sibawayh’s Al-Kitāb and al-Khalīl ibn Aḥmad’s Kitāb al-ʿAyn in systematizing Arabic syntax, phonetics, and lexicography. Finally, it evaluates the Translation Movement at the House of Wisdom (Bayt al-Ḥikma) and explains how the integration of Greek, Persian, and Indian learning enriched Arabic vocabulary and helped establish a broad scientific terminology.本文探讨了阿拔斯王朝（Abbasid Caliphate，750–1258年）时期阿拉伯语言学的"黄金时代"。本文梳理了阿拉伯语如何从以宗教与文学传播为核心的媒介，发展为通用科学语言。本文着重阐述了巴士拉语法学派与库法语法学派之间的学术竞逐——尤其是二者围绕类比推理（qiyās，analogy）与实证用法/听觉传承（samʿ，attested usage/auditory transmission）展开的辩论——并阐明了这些方法论差异如何推动了语言规范的系统化编纂。此外，本文还分析了西巴伊哈（Sibawayh）的《书》（Al-Kitāb）与哈利勒·伊本·艾哈迈德（al-Khalīl ibn Aḥmad）的《阿因书》（Kitāb al-ʿAyn）在系统化阿拉伯语句法、语音学与词典编纂学方面的奠基性作用。最后，本文评估了智慧宫（Bayt al-Ḥikma）的翻译运动，并阐释了希腊、波斯与印度学术思想的融入如何丰富了阿拉伯语词汇，助力构建了一套完备的科学术语体系。