EFFECTS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS ON HEMATOLOGICAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

Oxidative stress is a complex biological process resulting from an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the capacity of the antioxidant defense system. The blood system is highly susceptible to oxidative stress, which induces significant functional alterations in erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, plasma proteins, and hemostatic mechanisms. Due to their continuous exposure to oxygen and the propensity of hemoglobin to undergo auto-oxidation, erythrocytes are particularly vulnerable to ROS-mediated damage, including membrane lipid peroxidation, reduced deformability, hemolysis, and eryptosis. In leukocytes, oxidative stress enhances the production of inflammatory mediators, modulates immune responses, and contributes to the development of chronic inflammation. In platelets, ROS promote activation, aggregation, adhesion, and thrombus formation, thereby increasing the risk of thrombosis. Consequently, oxidative stress is closely associated with a wide range of hematological parameters, including erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width (RDW), leukocyte differential count, platelet count, and coagulation-related indices.氧化应激是一类复杂的生物学过程，由活性氧簇（reactive oxygen species，ROS）的产生与抗氧化防御系统的清除能力失衡所诱发。血液系统对氧化应激极为易感，该过程可引发红细胞、白细胞、血小板、血浆蛋白及止血机制出现显著功能异常。鉴于红细胞持续暴露于氧气环境，且血红蛋白易于发生自身氧化，因此红细胞尤其易受ROS介导的损伤，包括膜脂质过氧化、变形能力降低、溶血及红细胞程序性死亡（eryptosis）。对于白细胞而言，氧化应激可促进炎症介质生成、调节免疫应答，并参与慢性炎症的发生与进展。在血小板层面，ROS可推动其活化、聚集、黏附与血栓形成，进而升高血栓形成风险。综上，氧化应激与诸多血液学参数紧密相关，涵盖红细胞计数、血红蛋白浓度、血细胞比容、平均红细胞体积（mean corpuscular volume，MCV）、平均红细胞血红蛋白量（mean corpuscular hemoglobin，MCH）、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度（mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration，MCHC）、红细胞分布宽度（red cell distribution width，RDW）、白细胞分类计数、血小板计数及凝血相关指标。