Data monitorovaných úseků a mortality sudokopytníků

An experimental study was conducted to test the effectiveness of olfactory repellents (ORE) as a mitigation measure to reduce ungulate-vehicle collisions (UVC). In the first phase, an extensive field survey was undertaken while employing the Before-After Control-Impact (BACI) study design. On the basis of ungulate mortality, 134 road sections were monitored on foot along both roadsides once a week. The monitoring lasted fourteen weeks per year in both 2021 (Before period) and 2022 (After period). In the after period, 2022, ORE were applied within the impact segments. The second phase consisted of data verification and statistical analysis. The data revealed a decrease in UVC of 68%. The confidence interval of this estimate suggested, however, a great deal of uncertainty about the true value. Therefore, the data were pooled, and the Bayesian inference was applied. On the level of moderate evidence, ORE decreased the number of UVC by at least 43% and at most 60%. We also observed that the ORE effect was more pronounced in the first seven weeks after installation than in the following seven weeks, suggesting ungulate habituation to ORE. We have therefore concluded that for a short period (ideally corresponding to UVC peaks) ORE could be considered an effective safety measure for secondary roads.本研究开展了一项实验性研究，以检验嗅觉驱避剂（Olfactory Repellents, ORE）作为减缓措施，降低有蹄类动物与车辆碰撞事件（Ungulate-Vehicle Collisions, UVC）的有效性。第一阶段采用前-后对照-影响（Before-After Control-Impact, BACI）研究设计，开展了大规模野外调查：基于有蹄类动物的死亡数据，研究人员每周沿公路两侧步行监测134个路段；2021年（干预前阶段）与2022年（干预后阶段）的监测周期均为每年14周，其中2022年干预后阶段在影响路段内施用了嗅觉驱避剂。第二阶段包含数据验证与统计分析环节，监测数据显示有蹄类动物与车辆碰撞事件数量下降了68%，但该估算值的置信区间表明真实值存在较大不确定性，因此研究人员合并数据集并采用贝叶斯推断（Bayesian inference）开展分析。在中等证据强度下，嗅觉驱避剂可使该类碰撞事件数量至少减少43%、至多减少60%。研究同时观察到，嗅觉驱避剂的作用效果在安装后的前7周显著高于后续7周，提示有蹄类动物对其产生了适应性习惯化。据此，研究人员得出结论：在较短周期内（理想状态下与碰撞事件峰值时段匹配），嗅觉驱避剂可被视为二级公路的有效安全防护措施。