Data from: The magnitude of local adaptation under genotype-dependent dispersal

AbstractDispersal moves individuals from patches where their immediate ancestors were successful to sites where their genotypes are untested. As a result, dispersal generally reduces fitness, a phenomenon known as “migration load.” The strength of migration load depends on the pattern of dispersal and can be dramatically lessened or reversed when individuals move preferentially toward patches conferring higher fitness. Evolutionary ecologists have long modeled nonrandom dispersal, focusing primarily on its effects on population density over space, the maintenance of genetic variation, and reproductive isolation. Here, we build upon previous work by calculating how the extent of local adaptation and the migration load are affected when individuals differ in their dispersal rate in a genotype-dependent manner that alters their match to their environment. Examining a one-locus, two-patch model, we show that local adaptation occurs through a combination of natural selection and adaptive dispersal. For a substantial portion of parameter space, adaptive dispersal can be the predominant force generating local adaptation. Furthermore, genetic load may be largely averted with adaptive dispersal whenever individuals move before selective deaths occur. Thus, to understand the mechanisms driving local adaptation, biologists must account for the extent and nature of nonrandom, genotype-dependent dispersal, and the potential for adaptation via spatial sorting of genotypes., Usage notesblackwater lake stream morphologyHere we provide the data table required to recreate Figure 1 from Bolnick and Otto, \"The magnitude of local adaptation under genotype-dependent dispersal,\" published in Ecology and Evolution. The data table presents clinical data of threespine stickleback across a lake-stream interface, demonstrating remarkably abrupt transition in phenotype between these habitats. The data comes from samples collected and measured as described in Bolnick,D.I. L. Snowberg, C. Patenia, O. L. Lau, W. E. Stutz, and T. Ingram. 2009. Phenotype-dependent native habitat preference facilitates divergence between parapatric lake and stream stickleback. Evolution 63:2004-2016. However, the analyses in the present figure 1 of Bolnick and Otto are a novel reanalysis of that prior data.

**摘要**：扩散将个体从其直系祖先获得成功的生境斑块，转移至其基因型尚未经自然选择检验的生境位点。因此，扩散通常会降低个体适合度，这一现象被称为“迁移负荷（migration load）”。迁移负荷的强度取决于扩散模式，当个体优先迁往适合度更高的斑块时，迁移负荷可被显著缓解甚至逆转。进化生态学家长期以来一直在对非随机扩散进行建模研究，主要关注其对空间种群密度、遗传变异维持以及生殖隔离的影响。本研究基于前人研究，探讨当个体的扩散速率随基因型发生变化，进而改变其与生境的匹配程度时，局部适应程度与迁移负荷会受到何种影响。通过单基因座双斑块模型的分析，我们发现局部适应是自然选择与适应性扩散共同作用的结果。在相当一部分参数空间中，适应性扩散可成为驱动局部适应的主导力量。此外，若个体在选择淘汰发生前完成扩散，适应性扩散可在很大程度上避免遗传负荷。因此，若要阐明驱动局部适应的机制，生物学家必须考虑非随机、依赖基因型的扩散的程度与本质，以及通过基因型空间分选实现适应的潜力。

**使用说明：黑水湖-溪流形态数据集**
本数据集提供了用于复现Bolnick与Otto发表于《Ecology and Evolution》的论文《基因型依赖型扩散下的局部适应程度》（"The magnitude of local adaptation under genotype-dependent dispersal"）中图1所需的数据表格。该数据表格记录了湖-溪流交界带中三刺鱼的表型数据，清晰展现了两种生境间表型的显著突变式转变。本数据集的样本采集与测量方法参照Bolnick、D.I.、L. Snowberg、C. Patenia、O. L. Lau、W. E. Stutz及T. Ingram于2009年发表于《Evolution》第63卷2004-2016页的论文《表型依赖的原生生境偏好促进邻域湖-溪流三刺鱼的分化》（"Phenotype-dependent native habitat preference facilitates divergence between parapatric lake and stream stickleback"）。但Bolnick与Otto本文中针对图1的分析是对该原始数据的全新再分析。