Multi-gene phylogeny of North American clear-winged moths (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae): A foundation for future evolutionary study of a speciose mimicry complex

Sesiids are a diverse group of predominantly diurnal moths, many of which are Batesian mimics of Hymenoptera. However, their diversity and relationships are poorly understood. A multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of 48 North American sesiid species confirmed the traditional taxonomic tribal ranks, demonstrated the paraphyly of Carmenta and Synanthedon with respect to several other genera, and ultimately provided minimal phylogenetic resolution within and between North American and European groups. Character support from each gene suggested inconsistency between the phylogenetic signal of the CAD gene and that of the other four genes. However, removal of CAD from subsequent phylogenetic analyses did not substantially change the initial phylogenetic results or return Carmenta and Synanthedon as reciprocally monophyletic, suggesting it was not impacting the overall phylogenetic signal. The lack of resolution using genes that are typically informative at the species level for other lepidopter..., See methods in paper for details. , File opens as text.Â

透翅蛾类（Sesiids）是一类多样性极高的昼行性蛾类，其中诸多物种为膜翅目（Hymenoptera）昆虫的贝氏拟态者。然而，学界对其物种多样性与系统发育关系的认知仍较为匮乏。本研究针对48种北美透翅蛾开展多基因系统发育分析，验证了传统分类学中的族级分类阶元，证实了Carmenta属与Synanthedon属相对于其他多个属的并系群属性，且最终仅在北美与欧洲类群的内部及二者之间实现了有限的系统发育分辨率。各基因的特征支持度分析显示，CAD基因的系统发育信号与其余4个基因存在显著不一致性。然而，在后续系统发育分析中移除CAD基因后，初始系统发育结果并未发生显著改变，Carmenta属与Synanthedon属也未恢复为互为单系群的状态，表明CAD基因并未对整体系统发育信号产生实质性影响。以往通常可在鳞翅目（Lepidoptera）物种级研究中提供有效信息的基因，在此研究中未能实现有效分辨率……详细方法请参见论文原文。本文件以文本格式打开。