Suplimentry Files

<b>Sup Figure. 1. </b>An overview of an integrated food traceability system illustrating how bio-recognition elements (such as enzymes, antibodies, and nucleic acid probes), interface with engineered nanomaterial-based biosensors and lab-on-chip platforms to enable rapid, sensitive, and real-time detection of key food safety hazards. Data acquisition is linked to portable readout devices, digital processing units, and traceability networks, enabling continuous monitoring, enhanced supply-chain transparency, and improved decision-making for food safety management.