Synthetic post-dive precordial and subclavian Doppler ultrasound using Kisman-Masurel and Spencer grades

Doppler ultrasound (DU) measurements are used to detect and evaluate venous gas emboli (VGE) formed after decompression. Automated analysis methodologies of these VGE have been developed on varying real-world datasets of limited size and without ground truth values preventing objective evaluation. We develop and report a method to generate synthetic post-dive data using DU signals collected in both precordium and subclavian vein with varying degrees of bubbling matching field-standard grading metrics. This method is adaptable, modifiable, and reproducible, allowing for researchers to tune the produced dataset for their desired purpose. We provide the baseline Doppler recordings and code required to generate synthetic data for researchers to reproduce our work and improve upon it. We also provide a set of pre-made synthetic post-dive DU data spanning six scenarios representing the Spencer and Kisman-Masurel (KM) grading scales as well as precordial and subclavian DU recordings. By provid..., Baseline data:
1) Human Precordial Doppler Data: The study collected precordial Doppler ultrasound recordings from 16 healthy volunteers who gave informed consent and were free of heart murmurs. The recordings were obtained using two different Doppler ultrasound systems, Continuous and Pulsed wave (CW and PW) with the same precordial transducer. The audio signals were recorded using an Analog-to-Digital converter and Audacity software. Ten subjects were measured with both CW and PW systems, and five were measured using only the CW system. Each recording lasted between 3:30 to 7 minutes. The study was approved by the Duke Health Institutional Review Board.
2) Human Subclavian Doppler Data: Subclavian Doppler ultrasound data was collected from 75 healthy volunteers. The data was de-identified and the study was approved by the DAN institutional review board (#024-19-22) with informed consent provided by the subjects. The O'Dive continuous wave Doppler device was used to perform the subclav..., To generate synthetic data Matlab must be used. Otherwise, all data is saved as .wav files and can be opened with any audio processing software.

多普勒超声（Doppler ultrasound, DU）测量被用于检测与评估减压后形成的静脉气体栓塞（venous gas emboli, VGE）。过往针对此类VGE的自动化分析方法，均基于规模有限的真实世界数据集开发，且缺乏可用于客观评估的真值标签。本研究开发并报告了一种合成潜水后数据的生成方法，该方法采用采集自心前区与锁骨下静脉、气泡程度匹配现场标准分级指标的多普勒超声（DU）信号。该方法具备可适配性、可修改性与可复现性，支持研究人员根据自身需求调整生成的数据集。我们提供了生成合成数据所需的基础多普勒录音与代码，以供研究人员复现本研究并开展后续优化。此外，我们还提供了一套预制的潜水后合成多普勒超声数据，涵盖六种场景，分别对应斯宾塞（Spencer）与基斯曼-马瑟尔（Kisman-Masurel, KM）分级量表，以及心前区和锁骨下静脉的多普勒超声录音。通过提供……
基线数据：
1) 人体心前区多普勒数据：本研究从16名签署知情同意书且无心脏杂音的健康志愿者处采集心前区多普勒超声录音。研究采用两款不同的多普勒超声系统——连续波（Continuous wave, CW）与脉冲波（Pulsed wave, PW），搭配同款心前区换能器完成采集。音频信号通过模数转换器与Audacity软件录制。其中10名受试者同时接受了CW与PW系统测量，5名受试者仅使用CW系统完成测量。每份录音时长介于3分30秒至7分钟之间。本研究经杜克健康机构审查委员会（Duke Health Institutional Review Board）批准。
2) 人体锁骨下多普勒数据：本研究从75名健康志愿者处采集锁骨下静脉多普勒超声数据。所有数据已完成去标识化处理，本研究经DAN机构审查委员会批准（编号：024-19-22），受试者均签署了知情同意书。采集过程使用O'Dive连续波多普勒设备完成锁骨下区域测量。
如需生成合成数据，必须使用Matlab软件。除此之外，所有数据均保存为.wav格式文件，可通过任意音频处理软件打开。