FEATURES OF THE COURSE OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS

This article describes in detail the features of the course of allergic rhinitis in children and adults, clinical symptoms, pathogenesis mechanisms, and differences in diagnosis and treatment. Allergic rhinitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory tract that develops as a result of an excessive response of the immune system to allergens, which manifests itself in different clinical manifestations in children and adults. The article analyzes the fact that allergic rhinitis in children often begins at an early age, is characterized by nasal congestion, frequent sneezing, watery discharge, as well as a high probability of co-occurrence of the disease with bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis. In adults, allergic rhinitis is more likely to have a chronic course, has a negative impact on work activity and quality of life, is manifested by additional symptoms such as headache, sleep disorders. The article substantiates age-related immunological differences, the importance of collecting anamnesis in diagnosis, allergological tests, and the need for an individual approach to treatment. It is concluded that early detection and proper treatment of allergic rhinitis is an important factor in preventing disease complications and improving the quality of life of patients.本文详细阐述了儿童与成人过敏性鼻炎（Allergic Rhinitis）的病程特征、临床症状、发病机制，以及诊疗方案的差异。 过敏性鼻炎是一种上呼吸道慢性炎症性疾病，由免疫系统对过敏原产生过度应答所引发，在儿童与成人身上呈现出不同的临床表现。 本文分析指出，儿童过敏性鼻炎多起病于幼年阶段，主要表现为鼻塞、频繁喷嚏、清水样流涕，且该疾病与支气管哮喘、特应性皮炎共病的概率较高。 而成人过敏性鼻炎则多呈慢性病程，会对工作效率与生活质量产生负面影响，还可伴随头痛、睡眠障碍等额外症状。 本文论证了不同年龄群体间的免疫学差异、病史采集在诊断中的重要性、变应原检测的价值，并指出治疗需采用个体化方案。 研究最终得出结论：早期检出并规范治疗过敏性鼻炎，是预防疾病并发症、提升患者生活质量的关键举措。