均一化中国陆表气候观测站点数据集（地表太阳辐射、地温、气温、地表风速和降水）

观测环境和观测仪器的改变都可能对观测结果产生影响，即气候观测数据的不均一性。仪器更换和台站迁移可以带来观测结果比较大的突变，其检测和订正相对比较容易，已经得到了比较好的解决。但仪器灵敏度漂移和观测环境缓慢变化，因其幅度相对较小，检测和订正都更困难，但其影响逐渐累积，对长期变化趋势研究更为重要。提出了中国地区地表太阳辐射、地温、气温、风速和降水等观测数据渐变型不均一性的检测方法，实现了对这些资料的渐变型不均一性的检验/订正。我们利用日照时数计算太阳辐射，并进行均一化和精度校准，制备高质量的太阳辐射数据集；利用一日四次以及小时气温和地温观测，制备新的日平均陆表气温、地温数据集；利用气压观测计算得到的地转风和再分析风速，对风速观测进行均一化；利用观测风速和降水类型判别结果，校正观测降水。
地表太阳辐射、地温、气温和降水为近60年以来，地表风速为1972年以来。

Inhomogeneity in climate observation data arises from alterations to both the observational environment and instruments, both of which can impact observational results. Abrupt large shifts in observational results caused by instrument replacement and station relocation are relatively easy to detect and correct, and this issue has been well addressed. However, instrument sensitivity drift and slow changes in the observational environment, with relatively small amplitudes, are more difficult to detect and correct. Nevertheless, their impacts accumulate gradually, making them more critical for studies of long-term climate change trends. We have proposed detection methods for gradual inhomogeneity in observational data including surface solar radiation, ground temperature, air temperature, wind speed, and precipitation over China, and achieved the detection and correction of such gradual inhomogeneity for these datasets. Specifically, we calculated solar radiation using sunshine duration data, conducted homogenization and precision calibration to develop a high-quality solar radiation dataset; developed new datasets of daily mean surface air and ground temperature using four-times-daily and hourly air and ground temperature observations; homogenized wind speed observations using geostrophic winds calculated from pressure measurements and reanalysis wind speed data; and corrected in-situ precipitation observations using observational wind speed data and precipitation type classification results. The datasets of surface solar radiation, ground temperature, air temperature, and precipitation cover the past approximately 60 years, while the surface wind speed dataset covers the period since 1972.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是一个均一化的中国陆表气候观测站点数据集，包含地表太阳辐射、地温、气温、地表风速和降水等多种气候观测数据，时间覆盖1972年以来。数据集针对观测数据的不均一性问题进行了检测和订正，提供了高质量的观测数据，适用于长期气候变化研究。