Adjusted mean values of metabolic syndrome components according to serum zinc level quartile.

Values are means ± standard errors. Adjustment for age, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, BMI, and eGFR levels. Quartile 1 (Q1): the lowest zinc levels, Q2: low-medium zinc levels, Q3: high-medium zinc levels, and Q4: the highest zinc levels. SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; HDL = high-density lipoprotein.