Data Paper. Data Paper

File List Individuals.csv (MD5: ): Height, condition, location of individual saguaros at plot X NurseInfo.csv (MD5: ): Nurse plant information at plot X Species.csv (MD5: ): Summary of plant codes and nomenclature of species detected Boundaries.shp (MD5: ): Layer depicting plot boundaries PlotX1908.shp: Layer depicting saguaros surveyed in 1908 that are within plot X (see ShpFiles.zip) All *.shp files are provided as the .zip file ShpFiles.zip (MD5: ); all *.csv files can be downloaded at once using CsvFiles.zip (MD5: ). Description The saguaro cactus (Carnegiea gigantea) is one of the most iconic perennials in the Sonoran Desert. The ecological importance of this species has motivated studies that explored its physiological adaptations to deserts, factors controlling its recruitment and distribution, and changes in its population density and extent over time. The population of saguaros on Tumamoc Hill (Tucson, Arizona) is one of the best studied. Saguaros on and nearby Tumamoc Hill were mapped in 1908, and in 1964 R. M. Turner and J. R. Hastings established four 250-m wide plots within the original census area. Plots were established on the north, south, east, and west-facing slopes of Tumamoc Hill, and each plot extends from the top to the base of the hill. Plots were resurveyed in 1970, 1987, 1993, and between 2010 and 2012. In this data paper, we present all information associated with this monitoring program, which includes digital versions of Spalding’s original 1908 saguaro map as well as information regarding individual saguaros located in each of the four plots. Collected data include plant height, number of branches, and plant condition, as well as plant location. Starting in 1993, we also noted the identity and condition of plant species growing in close proximity to each saguaro. The archived data set described here contains information pertaining to >5800 saguaros. Past analyses of these data include reconstructions of regeneration patterns from observed age structures and the determination of the average height-specific growth rates for plants on each slope. The findings from these studies have broadened our understanding of the relationship between saguaro regeneration patterns and climate. These data have also provided pivotal information regarding regional trends of saguaro populations throughout the Sonoran Desert. As a group, the Tumamoc Hill censuses constitute one of the longest spatially explicit monitoring efforts for a single species in the world. They provide an observational baseline for future comparisons relating individual growth and population demographics to rising CO2 levels, climate change, vegetation change, or changes in other biotic or abiotic factors. Key words: Carnegiea gigantea; long-term monitoring; permanent plots; population dynamics; saguaro cactus; Sonoran Desert; spatially explicit data.

文件列表：
Individuals.csv（MD5值：）：记录样地X内所有巨柱仙人掌个体的高度、生长状况与空间位置
NurseInfo.csv（MD5值：）：样地X内的护伴植物信息
Species.csv（MD5值：）：检测到的植物物种编码与命名汇总
Boundaries.shp（MD5值：）：描绘样地边界的矢量图层
PlotX1908.shp：描绘1908年调查的样地X范围内巨柱仙人掌的矢量图层（详见ShpFiles.zip压缩包）
所有*.shp格式文件均打包于ShpFiles.zip（MD5值：）；所有*.csv格式文件可通过CsvFiles.zip（MD5值：）一次性下载。

数据集说明：
巨柱仙人掌（Carnegiea gigantea）是索诺兰沙漠（Sonoran Desert）最具标志性的多年生植物类群之一。该物种的生态重要性催生了诸多相关研究，旨在探究其对荒漠环境的生理适应机制、调控其定植与分布的核心因素，以及其种群密度与分布范围随时间的动态变化。位于美国亚利桑那州图森市图马莫克山（Tumamoc Hill, Tucson, Arizona）的巨柱仙人掌种群，是全球范围内研究程度最为深入的该物种种群之一。

1908年，研究人员完成了图马莫克山及其周边区域巨柱仙人掌的测绘工作；1964年，R. M. 特纳（R. M. Turner）与J. R. 黑斯廷斯（J. R. Hastings）在原始普查区域内划定了4片宽度为250米的永久样地，分别设置于图马莫克山的北、南、东、西朝向坡地，每片样地均从山顶延伸至山脚。研究团队分别于1970年、1987年、1993年以及2010至2012年间对这4片样地开展了重新普查工作。

本数据论文完整呈现了该长期监测项目的全部关联信息，包括斯波尔丁（Spalding）1908年原始巨柱仙人掌测绘图的数字化版本，以及4片样地内每一株巨柱仙人掌的个体详细信息。本次收集的数据涵盖植株高度、分枝数量、生长状况以及空间位置等维度；自1993年起，研究团队还额外记录了每株巨柱仙人掌周边近距生长的伴生植物物种及其生长状况。

本归档数据集包含超过5800株巨柱仙人掌的相关监测数据。过往基于该数据集开展的分析工作包括：基于观测得到的年龄结构重建巨柱仙人掌的种群更新模式，以及测算各坡地植株的平均株高特异性生长速率。上述研究成果深化了学界对巨柱仙人掌更新模式与气候因子之间关联机制的认知。此外，该数据集还为索诺兰沙漠全域巨柱仙人掌种群的区域动态趋势研究提供了关键支撑数据。

总体而言，图马莫克山的巨柱仙人掌普查工作是全球范围内针对单一物种开展的时间跨度最长的空间显性监测项目之一。该数据集可为未来的对比研究提供标准化观测基准，用于关联个体生长、种群人口统计学特征与CO₂浓度升高、气候变化、植被变化或其他生物或非生物因子的动态变化。

关键词：巨柱仙人掌（Carnegiea gigantea）；长期监测；永久样地；种群动态；巨柱仙人掌；索诺兰沙漠（Sonoran Desert）；空间显性数据。