Satellite Analysis (2013-2020) dataset - "Portal for heritage buildings integration into the contemporary built environment" (URBAN PERISCOPE)

For the needs of the “Portal for heritage buildings integration into the contemporary built environment”, in short, PERIsCOPE project, satellite observations were applied. This repository includes the results from the macro-scale analysis, for which thermal data, optical satellite images, and ready satellite products were exploited to provide multi-temporal information. Satellite-based products estimate the temperature variations in a broader area for the selected urban testbeds (Limassol and Strovolos municipalities, Cyprus). Landsat 7 and 8 archives were downloaded through the EarthExplorer platform (“Landsat Collection 1 Level-1” for both “Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) Level-1” and “Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS C1 Level-1”). The Level-1 data downloaded from the platform were rescaled to the top of atmosphere (TOA) reflectance and radiance using radiometric rescaling coefficients provided in the metadata file delivered with the Level-1 product (metadata—MTL file). More than 140 satellite images were selected (a cloud coverage filter was applied), downloaded, and processed, covering the period between 2013 and 2020. Specifically, 16 images during the Winter season, 30 images over Spring, 57 images for Summer, and 38 during Autumn were finally gathered for both case studies. The Google Earth Engine cloud platform infrastructure was used to extract optical products, namely the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Normalised Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), which characterise vegetated and built-up areas, respectively. This repository concerns: (1) the mean Land Surface Temperature (LST) for both test sites (from 2013-2020), their standard deviation, and the maximum and minimum values. In addition, the (2) NDVI and (3) NDBI products per year (2013-2020) are provided. Lastly, (4) the seasonal variations are included. The data are structured in both forms of ArcGIS Pro Geodatabase (.gdb), while individual .tiff formats are provided in each folder. Further details can be found in the following references: 1. Agapiou, A.; Lysandrou, V. Observing Thermal Conditions of Historic Buildings through Earth Observation Data and Big Data Engine. <em>Sensors</em> 2021, <em>21</em>, 4557. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134557 2. Agapiou A., Lysandrou V., Cuca B., Copernicus earth observations for cultural heritage, Proceedings of the joint international event, 9th ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 &amp; 3rd GEORES, Valencia (Spain). 26–28 April 2021, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4995/Arqueologica9.2021.12512为满足“历史建筑融入当代建成环境门户”（Portal for heritage buildings integration into the contemporary built environment）项目（简称PERISCOPE项目）的需求，本研究采用卫星观测手段。本仓库包含宏观尺度分析的成果，该分析利用热红外数据、光学卫星影像及现成卫星产品，以获取多时相信息。针对选定的两座城市试验站点——塞浦路斯的利马索尔（Limassol）与斯特罗沃洛斯（Strovolos）自治市，基于卫星的产品可估算更大范围内的温度变化。 Landsat 7与Landsat 8影像档案通过EarthExplorer平台下载，对应数据为“Landsat Collection 1 Level-1”，分别包含“Landsat 7 增强型专题制图仪Plus（ETM+）Level-1”与“Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS C1 Level-1”两类数据。从该平台下载的Level-1数据，将借助Level-1产品配套元数据文件（元数据—MTL文件）中提供的辐射校正系数，缩放至大气层顶（Top of Atmosphere, TOA）反射率与辐射亮度。 最终筛选并处理了140余幅卫星影像（已应用云量筛选规则），覆盖2013至2020年的观测时段。具体而言，两座试验站点共收集到冬季影像16幅、春季30幅、夏季57幅、秋季38幅。 本研究借助谷歌地球引擎（Google Earth Engine）云平台基础设施提取光学产品，即分别表征植被覆盖区与建成区的归一化差分植被指数（Normalised Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI）与归一化差分建筑指数（Normalised Difference Built-up Index, NDBI）。 本仓库涵盖以下四类数据：（1）两座试验站点2013-2020年的平均地表温度（Land Surface Temperature, LST）、标准差、最大值与最小值；（2）2013-2020年逐年的NDVI产品；（3）2013-2020年逐年的NDBI产品；（4）季节变化相关数据。 数据以ArcGIS Pro地理数据库（.gdb）格式组织，同时各文件夹中提供单独的.tiff格式文件。 更多详细信息可参阅以下文献： 1. Agapiou, A.; Lysandrou, V. 通过对地观测数据与大数据引擎观测历史建筑的热环境状况. *Sensors* 2021, *21*, 4557. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134557 2. Agapiou A., Lysandrou V., Cuca B. 用于文化遗产的哥白尼地球观测数据，联合国际会议论文集：第9届ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0与第3届GEORES，西班牙巴伦西亚，2021年4月26-28日，DOI: https://doi.org/10.4995/Arqueologica9.2021.12512