Conversion of Standardized Effects1 into Years of Protection Against Age-Related Declines and/or Years of Improvement in Cognitive Performance (the Comparator is Always the Attention Control Group), N = 620.

1Effects obtained from estimating the models shown in Table 3 using the original scalar values (i.e., non-Blom rank transformed scores). Those effects were then divided by the annualized age declines determined as documented in footnotes 2-6 below.2Annualized age declines of 15.6 ms were derived by using the Step 5 linear regression model from Edwards et al. [51] on the baseline UFOV composite (three subtests) among the no-contact controls in ACTIVE.3Annualized age declines of 1.26 seconds in Trails A were based on Table 2 in Tombaugh [52] for 65–69 vs. 70–74 year olds.4Annualized age declines of 3.82 seconds in Trails B were based on Table 2 in Tombaugh [52] for 65–69 vs. 70–74 year olds.5Annualized age declines of 0.41 correct symbol-digit pairs in SDMT were based on Table 9.8 in Lezak et al. [53] for 55–64 vs. 65–74 year olds.6Annualized age declines of 1.22 words in the Stroop Word test were based on the regression results for 60–87 year olds in Table 2 of Vogel et al. [54].