Denialism and economic insecurity as motivators of resistance to Lockdown in Brazil during COVID-19 Pandemic

Supplementary information from above mentionedObjective:
To explore brazilians’ positioning about the lockdown in the COVID-19 pandemic in association with individual, social and economic factors, searching for clusters that explain divergence on positioning in favor or against the lockdown measure.
Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study based on a survey to understand the profile of Brazilians’ opinion and their driving factors. We used an online questionnaire, which contained objective questions on socio-demographic aspects and individual views regarding the Pandemic. The sampling was on demand, through social networks. The analysis was performed using clusterization.
Results:
Between between April and May 2021, we collected 33,796 free participations via social media throughout the country; 33,363 of those were analyzed. The pro-lockdown opinion was most prevalent in almost all socio-demographic strata. Two groups were identified in the study populations, here referred to as Pro-Lockdown – aligned with scientific recommendations – and Anti-Lockdown – economic insecurity and denialism. Those who are anti-lockdown downplay the severity of the pandemic and believe in unproven measures. However, they are afraid to lose their jobs and not afford to pay their bills. Overall, people do not believe in the feasibility of a lockdown in Brazil or in the efficacy of measures taken by the government. As an important study bias, there was a small participation of low-income people and lower participation of men, who are mostly anti-lockdown.
Conclusion:
Despite the prevalence of pro-lockdown positioning, there are no consensus in Brazil about the measure. The emerging clusters makes it clear that beyond denialism, economic insecurity occupies a central position in the anti-lockdown view.
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上述目标补充信息：旨在探究巴西民众对COVID-19疫情期间封锁措施的立场，及其与个体、社会及经济因素的关联，寻求能够解释立场分歧的聚类。研究方法：我们进行了一项基于调查的横断面研究，以了解巴西民众的观点及其驱动因素。研究采用在线问卷，包含关于社会人口学特征和个体对疫情观点的客观问题。抽样通过社交媒体按需进行。分析采用聚类分析。研究结果：在2021年4月至5月间，通过社交媒体在全国范围内收集了33,796份自愿参与数据；其中33,363份数据被分析。支持封锁的观点在几乎所有社会人口学阶层中最为普遍。研究识别出两个群体，分别称为支持封锁群体——与科学建议保持一致——和反对封锁群体——受经济不安全及否定主义影响。反对封锁者轻视疫情的严重性，并相信未经证实的措施。然而，他们担心失业，以及无法支付账单。总体而言，人们不相信巴西封锁措施的可行性或政府采取的措施的有效性。作为一个重要的研究偏差，低收入人群的参与度较低，男性参与度也较低，而他们大多数是反对封锁的。研究结论：尽管支持封锁的立场普遍存在，但在巴西关于这一措施尚未达成共识。新兴的聚类分析清晰地表明，在否定主义之外，经济不安全在反对封锁的观点中占据核心地位。