A nation-wide validation and application study of the Chinese Barcelona Musical Reward Questionnaire (BMRQ)

Abstract: Music is rewarding as it has the ability to evoke intense pleasure, regulate our mood, and foster social bonding. Unlike other rewards such as food or money, which are generally appealing to almost everyone, the sensitivity to musical rewards varies significantly among different populations. The Barcelona Musical Reward Questionnaire (BMRQ) is a concise 5-likert scale designed to measure individual differences in the sensitivity to musical rewards. It consists of four subscales: music seeking, sensory - motor, mood regulation, emotion evocation, and social reward, with each subscale containing four items. This questionnaire has been used globally and has been validated in European and American populations, as well as in the population of Changsha, Hunan Province, China. Given the extensive territorial expanse of China, the music culture varies substantially across different regions. As a result, it is rather partial to confine the samples within the scope of merely one province.Method and Results: In the present study, to validate the translation of the C - BMRQ, a total of 1,797 valid participants were recruited from across China. Initially, to translate the English version into Chinese, we selected three native Chinese translators proficient in English: an individual majoring in English, an undergraduate student in psychology under a bilingual education system, and a Ph.D. candidate in music psychology. They have in-depth knowledge of Chinese culture and possess test translation experience or expertise in the subject area of the scale, which facilitates the accurate translation of technical terms.A double-translation and reconciliation procedure was adopted. Two independent translators carried out forward translations from English to Chinese. Subsequently, an expert reviewed and reconciled the two versions. After that, a backward translation was conducted, and the original English version and the back-translated English version were compared to address discrepancies. Finally, bilingual translators provided feedback on equivalence and made comprehensive revisions to form the "Literally-translated version".An online questionnaire was distributed mainly to members of the participant groups in the Beijing area, with a total of 387 participants (156 males, 231 females, Mean Age (± SD) = 23.42 ± 3.54). Confirmatory factor analysis of the questionnaire results revealed that the loadings of some items were low (see Table 2 for details). The root cause was that certain scenarios were too restrictive in the Chinese context. For instance, "16. At a concert I feel connected to the performers and the audience." was initially translated as "在音乐会上，我会觉得我与演奏者及其他听众的心是相通的", because concerts are a highly specialized and infrequently-experienced form within Chinese music performances, which limits the generalizability of statements related to them. Therefore, "concert" was replaced with the more inclusive term "music performance", transforming the English item into "在音乐表演中，我会觉得我与表演者及其他观众的心是相通的 ("At a music performance, I feel a connection with the performers and other audience members"). Additionally, some expressions in the original English questionnaire, such as " I inform myself about music I like. " (initially translated as "我很明确的知道我喜欢哪些音乐"), were difficult to interpret clearly. Thus, it was revised to "我会主动寻找我喜欢的音乐来听 ("I will actively seek out the music I like to listen to") to better fit the music-seeking dimension. Moreover, overly intense frequency adverbs were toned down. For instance, "I'm always looking for new music." (我总是在寻找新音乐) was changed to "I often actively look for new music to listen to. " (我经常会主动寻找新的音乐来听).The comparison of the literally-translated and adjusted-translated versions was shown in Table 1.To explore the reliability and validity of the adjusted-translated version, we recruited two groups of people across China (sample 1: N = 391, 123 males, 268 females, Mean Age (± SD) = 22.46 ± 2.90; sample 2: N= 1019, 278 males, 741 females, Mean Age (± SD) = 22.31 ± 2.80), both of which showed good reliability (Table 2) and validity (Table 3). Using the sample 2, we further tested correlations with criterion measures (PAS and Gold-MSI). The total score of c-BMRQ was significantly and positively correlated with all sub-dimensions of Gold-MSI and GMS. These findings collectively underscore the high reliability and validity of the "adjusted-translated version", justifying its adoption as the definitive c-BMRQ.

摘要：音乐具有奖赏属性，它能够唤起强烈的愉悦感、调节情绪并促进社会联结。与食物、金钱等几乎能让所有人产生愉悦感的奖赏不同，个体对音乐奖赏的敏感性存在显著的群体差异。巴塞罗那音乐奖赏问卷（Barcelona Musical Reward Questionnaire, BMRQ）是一款简洁的5级李克特量表，用于测量个体对音乐奖赏敏感性的个体差异。该问卷包含四个分量表：音乐寻求、感觉-运动、情绪调节、情绪唤起以及社会奖赏，每个分量表均包含4个条目。此问卷已在全球范围内推广使用，并在欧美人群以及中国湖南省长沙市人群中完成了效度验证。鉴于中国幅员辽阔，不同地区的音乐文化差异显著，仅将样本限定在单一省份难免有失偏颇。

方法与结果：本研究旨在验证中文版巴塞罗那音乐奖赏问卷（C-BMRQ）的适配性，共招募了来自全国范围内的1797名有效被试。首先，为将英文原版问卷译为中文，我们遴选了3名精通英语的母语译者：一名英语专业从业者、一名接受双语教育的心理学本科生，以及一名音乐心理学方向的博士研究生。他们均具备深厚的中华文化底蕴，且拥有量表翻译经验或相关领域的专业知识，有助于精准翻译专业术语。随后我们采用双译校准流程：由两名独立译者分别开展英译中的正向翻译，之后由一名专家对两份译稿进行审核与整合；接着开展反向翻译，将反向译出的英文版本与原版英文问卷进行比对，以解决译稿间的差异问题；最终由双语译者就译稿的等效性提供反馈并进行全面修订，形成"直译版"译稿。
我们最初主要面向北京地区的被试群体发放线上问卷，共回收有效数据387份（男性156人，女性231人，平均年龄±标准差=23.42±3.54）。对该问卷结果进行验证性因子分析后发现，部分条目载荷较低（详情见表2）。究其根源，是部分情境设置不符合中文语境的实际情况。例如，原条目"16. At a concert I feel connected to the performers and the audience."最初被译为“在音乐会上，我会觉得我与演奏者及其他听众的心是相通的”，但由于在中国的音乐演出场景中，音乐会属于较为小众且参与度较低的形式，这限制了该条目的普适性。因此，我们将"concert"替换为更具包容性的“音乐表演”，将该条目调整为“在音乐表演中，我会觉得我与表演者及其他观众的心是相通的”（英文原句："At a music performance, I feel a connection with the performers and other audience members"）。此外，原版问卷中的部分表述，例如"I inform myself about music I like."最初被译为“我很明确的知道我喜欢哪些音乐”，难以清晰传达原意，因此修订为“我会主动寻找我喜欢的音乐来听”（英文原句："I will actively seek out the music I like to listen to"），以更好地契合“音乐寻求”分量表的维度内涵。同时，我们对部分过于绝对的频率副词进行了弱化处理，例如将"I'm always looking for new music."（原译：我总是在寻找新音乐）调整为“我经常会主动寻找新的音乐来听”（英文原句："I often actively look for new music to listen to."）。
"直译版"与"调整后译版"的对比详情见表1。
为探究调整后译版的信度与效度，我们在全国范围内招募了两组被试（样本1：N=391，男性123人，女性268人，平均年龄±标准差=22.46±2.90；样本2：N=1019，男性278人，女性741人，平均年龄±标准差=22.31±2.80），两组被试的数据均表现出良好的信度（见表2）与效度（见表3）。基于样本2，我们进一步检验了问卷得分与效标变量（PAS与Gold-MSI）的相关性。中文版BMRQ的总得分与Gold-MSI及GMS的所有子维度均呈显著正相关。上述结果共同证实了该"调整后译版"具备优异的信度与效度，可作为正式的中文版巴塞罗那音乐奖赏问卷（C-BMRQ）投入使用。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集包含中文版巴塞罗那音乐奖励问卷（BMRQ）的全国性验证数据，通过双翻译和协调程序确保问卷在中国文化背景下的适用性，并验证了其可靠性和有效性。数据集支持跨文化音乐奖励敏感性的研究。