Can females differentially allocate resources to offspring sired by different males?

The viviparity-driven conflict hypothesis postulates that the evolution of matrotrophy (postfertilization maternal provisioning) will result in a shift from a pre- to postcopulatory mate choice and thus accelerate the evolution of postcopulatory reproductive isolation. Here, we perform artificial insemination experiments on Heterandria formosa, a matrotrophic poeciliid fish, to probe for evidence of postcopulatory female choice. We established laboratory populations from Wacissa River (WR) and Lake Jackson (LJ). The WR females normally produce larger offspring than the LJ females. We artificially inseminated females with sperm from each population or from both populations simultaneously. When LJ females were inseminated with sperm from WR and LJ males, they allocated fewer resources to WR-sired offspring than when they were inseminated with WR sperm alone. The LJ females carrying developing offspring sired by males from different populations were thus able to discriminate against non-re..., We inseminated female Heterandria formosa with spermatozeugmata from either two or four males, comprising four treatments: (A) female × 2 WR males; (B) female × 2 LJ males; (C) female × 1 WR male + 1 LJ male; and (D) female × 2 WR males + 2 LJ males. These treatments were later combined into ‘Single’ male population and ‘Mixed’ male population insemination treatments. These data include offspring weights and genotypes from fish born in this experiment. The data associated with each offspring included: days since insemination, number of broods per female, and number of offspring per brood. Any offspring born within a 48 h interval were counted towards a single brood, because there is typically a 3- to 5-day interval between broods, and two broods born within 48 h is highly unlikely., , # Can females differentially allocate resources to offspring sired by different males?

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931ztf](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931ztf)

We inseminated female *Heterandria formosa* with spermatozeugmata from either two or four males, comprising four treatments: (A) female × 2 WR males; (B) female × 2 LJ males; (C) female × 1 WR male + 1 LJ male; and (D) female × 2 WR males + 2 LJ males. These treatments were later combined into ‘Single’ male population and ‘Mixed’ male population insemination treatments. These data include offspring weights and genotypes from fish born in this experiment. The data associated with each offspring included: days since insemination, number of broods per female, and number of offspring per brood. Any offspring born within a 48 h interval were counted towards a single brood, because there is typically a 3- to 5-day interval between broods, and two broods born within 48 h is highly unlikely.

## Description of the data and fi...

胎生驱动的冲突假说（viviparity-driven conflict hypothesis）提出，亲体营养型（matrotrophy，即受精后母体营养供给）的演化将导致配偶选择从交配前转向交配后，进而加速交配后生殖隔离的演化。本研究对异鳉（*Heterandria formosa*）——一种亲体营养型花鳉科鱼类——开展人工授精实验，以探究雌性交配后选择的相关证据。我们从瓦西萨河（Wacissa River，WR）和杰克逊湖（Lake Jackson，LJ）建立了实验种群，其中瓦西萨河种群的雌性通常产下的幼体体型大于杰克逊湖种群的雌性。我们通过人工授精，为雌性分别施加单一种群精子、双种群混合精子的处理。当杰克逊湖雌性接受瓦西萨河和杰克逊湖雄性的精子时，其分配给瓦西萨河父本幼体的资源，相较于仅接受瓦西萨河雄性精子时更少。由此可见，杰克逊湖雌性在抚育不同种群雄性所产的发育中幼体时，能够区分并排斥非[...]。

我们使用来自2尾或4尾雄性的精子束（spermatozeugmata）对异鳉雌性进行授精，共设置4组处理：（A）雌性×2尾瓦西萨河雄性；（B）雌性×2尾杰克逊湖雄性；（C）雌性×1尾瓦西萨河雄性+1尾杰克逊湖雄性；（D）雌性×2尾瓦西萨河雄性+2尾杰克逊湖雄性。后续将这些处理合并为"单一雄性种群"和"混合雄性种群"授精处理。本数据集包含本实验中产出幼体的体重与基因型数据。每尾幼体对应的相关数据包括：授后天数、每雌性产仔窝数、每窝幼体数。由于异鳉的产仔间隔通常为3~5天，48小时内产出的幼体将被归为同一窝，因为48小时内出现两窝幼体的概率极低。

# 雌性能否对不同雄性所育幼体进行差异化的资源分配？

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931ztf](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h18931ztf)

我们使用来自2尾或4尾雄性的精子束对异鳉雌性进行授精，共设置4组处理：（A）雌性×2尾瓦西萨河雄性；（B）雌性×2尾杰克逊湖雄性；（C）雌性×1尾瓦西萨河雄性+1尾杰克逊湖雄性；（D）雌性×2尾瓦西萨河雄性+2尾杰克逊湖雄性。后续将这些处理合并为"单一雄性种群"和"混合雄性种群"授精处理。本数据集包含本实验中产出幼体的体重与基因型数据。每尾幼体对应的相关数据包括：授后天数、每雌性产仔窝数、每窝幼体数。由于异鳉的产仔间隔通常为3~5天，48小时内产出的幼体将被归为同一窝，因为48小时内出现两窝幼体的概率极低。

## 数据与方法简述[...]