Data from: 8-year trends in physical activity, nutrition, TV viewing time, smoking, alcohol and BMI: a comparison of younger and older Queensland adults

Lifestyle behaviours significantly contribute to high levels of chronic disease in older adults. The aims of the study were to compare the prevalence and the prevalence trends of health behaviours (physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, fast food consumption, TV viewing, smoking and alcohol consumption), BMI and a summary health behaviour indicator score in older (65+ years) versus younger adults (18-65 years). The self-report outcomes were assessed through the Queensland Social Survey annually between 2007-2014 (n=12,552). Regression analyses were conducted to compare the proportion of older versus younger adults engaging in health behaviours and of healthy weight in all years combined and examine trends in the proportion of younger and older adults engaging in health behaviours and of healthy weight over time. Older adults were more likely to meet recommended intakes of fruit and vegetable (OR=1.43, 95%CI=1.23-1.67), not consume fast food (OR=2.54, 95%CI=2.25-2.86) and be non-smokers (OR=3.02, 95%CI=2.53-3.60) in comparison to younger adults. Conversely, older adults were less likely to meet the physical activity recommendations (OR=0.86, 95%CI= 0.78-0.95) and watch less than 14 hours of TV per week (OR=0.65, 95%CI=0.58-0.74). Overall, older adults were more likely to report engaging in 3, or at least 4 out of 5 healthy behaviours. The proportion of both older and younger adults meeting the physical activity recommendations (OR=0.97, 95%CI=0.95-0.98 and OR=0.94, 95%CI=0.91-0.97 respectively), watching less than 14 hours of TV per week (OR=0.96, 95%CI=0.94-0.99 and OR=0.94, 95%CI=0.90-0.99 respectively) and who were a healthy weight (OR=0.95, 95%CI=0.92-0.99 and OR=0.96, 95%CI=0.94-0.98 respectively) decreased over time. The proportion of older adults meeting the fruit and vegetable recommendations (OR=0.90, 95%CI=0.84-0.96) and not consuming fast food (OR=0.94, 95%CI=0.88-0.99) decreased over time. Although older adults meet more health behaviours than younger adults, the decreasing prevalence of healthy nutrition behaviours in this age group needs to be addressed.

生活方式行为是引发老年人慢性病高发的重要危险因素。本研究旨在对比65岁及以上老年人与18~65岁青壮年人群的健康行为（体力活动、蔬果摄入、快餐食用、电视观看时长、吸烟与饮酒）、身体质量指数（BMI）以及健康行为综合指标得分的患病率及其变化趋势。本研究的自评结局指标通过2007至2014年间每年开展的昆士兰社会调查（Queensland Social Survey）进行评估，有效样本量共计12552例。本研究采用回归分析方法，先合并所有年份的数据，对比老年人与青壮年人群达成健康行为标准及维持健康体重的比例差异；随后进一步分析两类人群的健康行为达标率、健康体重占比随时间的变化趋势。与青壮年人群相比，老年人更易达到蔬果摄入推荐标准（比值比[Odds Ratio, OR]=1.43，95%置信区间[95% Confidence Interval, 95%CI]=1.23~1.67）、避免食用快餐（OR=2.54，95%CI=2.25~2.86）且为非吸烟者（OR=3.02，95%CI=2.53~3.60）。与之相反，老年人达成体力活动推荐标准的可能性更低（OR=0.86，95%CI=0.78~0.95），且每周看电视时长低于14小时的比例同样更低（OR=0.65，95%CI=0.58~0.74）。总体而言，老年人更易完成5项健康行为中的3项及以上，其中至少达标4项。随时间推移，老年人与青壮年人群中达到体力活动推荐标准（分别为OR=0.97，95%CI=0.95~0.98与OR=0.94，95%CI=0.91~0.97）、每周看电视时长低于14小时（分别为OR=0.96，95%CI=0.94~0.99与OR=0.94，95%CI=0.90~0.99）以及维持健康体重（分别为OR=0.95，95%CI=0.92~0.99与OR=0.96，95%CI=0.94~0.98）的占比均呈下降趋势。老年人中达到蔬果摄入推荐标准（OR=0.90，95%CI=0.84~0.96）与避免食用快餐（OR=0.94，95%CI=0.88~0.99）的占比同样随时间呈下降趋势。尽管老年人的健康行为整体达标情况优于青壮年人群，但该年龄段人群健康营养行为的患病率逐年下降这一问题仍亟待解决。