OpenLandMap-soildb: soil type probability - suborder: Aquepts
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Sub-dataset: soil type probability - suborder: Aquepts Description Global annual maps of soil properties for 2000—2022 produced within the scope of the Land & Carbon Lab, integrating Digital surface/terrain model, vegetation/tillage indices, climatic/bioclimatic variables, and based on tree-based spatiotemporal Machine Learning. While the primary focus is on improving monitoring in global soil properties, the dataset provides wall-to-wall coverage across all terrestrial ecosystems and is organized into 300+ global mosaics in COG (Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF) format. Data are presented at 5-year intervals, across 3 standard depth intervals (0–30 cm, 30–60 cm, 60–100 cm), and cover 79 USDA soil taxonomy suborders. Original layers use the WGS84 Coordinate System (EPSG:4326) at a pixel resolution of 0.00025 degrees, and 0.00075 degrees with uncertainty (STAC and GEE). Layers archived on Zenodo are at 0.00075 degrees with uncertainty but include only the initial and final periods (2000–2005 & 2020–2022), including: Soil Organic Carbon Content (g/kg) As a key indicator of soil fertility, structure, and microbial activity, it represents the concentration of organic carbon in the fine earth fraction of the soil. Standard method of measurement is dry combustion using elemental analyzers (e.g., ISO 10694). Soil Organic Carbon Density (kg/m³) Represents the mass of organic carbon per unit volume of soil. It is derived as: SOC content × bulk density × (1 − coarse fragment volume fraction). This value is critical for estimating total carbon stocks and monitoring soil carbon changes over time. Soil pH Indicates the acidity or alkalinity of soil, affecting nutrient availability and microbial processes. Reported as pH measured in water solution (pH in H₂O). Bulk Density (g/cm³) Refers to the mass of dry fine earth (<2 mm) per unit volume, excluding coarse fragments. It reflects soil compaction and porosity, influencing water retention and root penetration. Commonly determined using the core method or calculated from pedotransfer functions. Soil Texture Fraction Defines the relative proportions of mineral particles by size. Texture influences water movement, nutrient holding capacity, and plant growth. Clay content (%): Proportion of particles <0.002 mm in diameter. Sand content (%): Proportion of particles between 0.05–2.0 mm (some definitions use 0.063 mm as lower threshold). Silt content (%): Particles sized between 0.002–0.05 mm or up to 0.063 mm depending on classification system. Textural fractions follow USDA or FAO particle size classifications. Soil Type Probability Probabilistic classification of soils based on USDA Soil Taxonomy at the subgroup level. Each pixel is assigned a probability distribution across potential soil types, based on legacy point data and environmental covariates. 30m layers can be accessed through STAC and Google Earth Engine GEE) through: OpenLandMap STAC https://stac.openlandmap.org Google Earth Engine https://code.earthengine.google.com/?asset=projects/global-pasture-watch/assets/gsm-30m All modeling framework is publicly available at OpenLandMap GitHub - soildb Data Detail Time period: 2000-2022, in 5-year intervals (last period covers 2020–2022) for soil properties ; 2000-2022 static for soil type Type of data: Spatiotemporal soil data base, with depth ranges and weighted percentage data for soil assessments and static soil type classification. How the data was collected or derived: The data was derived using machine learning models. Statistical methods used: Tree-based spatiotemporal machine learning Depth reference: b30cm..60cm = below ground at 30-60cm interval Limitations or exclusions in the data: no Antarctica; masking out permanent ice and deserts Coordinate reference system: EPSG:4326 Bounding box (Xmin, Ymin, Xmax, Ymax): (-180, -56, 180, 76) Spatial resolution: 0.00075 degree (~120m) Image size: 360,000P, 132,000L File format: Cloud Optimized Geotiff (COG) format Dataset Contents This dataset includes: soil type probability - suborder: Aquepts Related Identifiers SOC density: below ground 0cm-30cm 2000-2005 , below ground 0cm-30cm 2020-2022 , below ground 30cm-60cm 2000-2005 , below ground 30cm-60cm 2020-2022 , below ground 60cm-100cm 2000-2005 , below ground 60cm-100cm 2020-2022 , SOC content: below ground 0cm-30cm 2000-2005 - part 1 , below ground 0cm-30cm 2000-2005 - part 2 , below ground 0cm-30cm 2020-2022 - part 1 , below ground 0cm-30cm 2020-2022 - part 2 , below ground 30cm-60cm 2000-2005 , below ground 30cm-60cm 2020-2022 , below ground 60cm-100cm 2000-2005 , below ground 60cm-100cm 2020-2022 , Bulk density: below ground 0cm-30cm 2000-2005 , below ground 0cm-30cm 2020-2022 , below ground 30cm-60cm 2000-2005 , below ground 30cm-60cm 2020-2022 , below ground 60cm-100cm 2000-2005 , below ground 60cm-100cm 2020-2022 , Soil ph of water: below ground 0cm-30cm 2000-2005 , below ground 0cm-30cm 2020-2022 , below ground 30cm-60cm 2000-2005 , below ground 30cm-60cm 2020-2022 , below ground 60cm-100cm 2000-2005 , below ground 60cm-100cm 2020-2022 , Soil textures fraction: clay below ground 0cm-30cm 2000-2005 , clay below ground 0cm-30cm 2020-2022 , clay below ground 30cm-60cm 2000-2005 , clay below ground 30cm-60cm 2020-2022 , clay below ground 60cm-100cm 2000-2005 , clay below ground 60cm-100cm 2020-2022 , sand below ground 0cm-30cm 2000-2005 , sand below ground 0cm-30cm 2020-2022 , sand below ground 30cm-60cm 2000-2005 , sand below ground 30cm-60cm 2020-2022 , sand below ground 60cm-100cm 2000-2005 , sand below ground 60cm-100cm 2020-2022 , silt below ground 0cm-30cm 2000-2005 , silt below ground 0cm-30cm 2020-2022 , silt below ground 30cm-60cm 2000-2005 , silt below ground 30cm-60cm 2020-2022 , silt below ground 60cm-100cm 2000-2005 , silt below ground 60cm-100cm 2020-2022 , Soil type (Suborder): Uderts , Calcids , Xerands , Orthents , Cryands , Ustalfs , Cryalfs , Aquepts , Udalfs , Cryolls , Durids , Usterts , Boralfs , Orthids , Udands , Torrerts , Histels , Rendolls , Aqualfs , Udepts , Xeralfs , Gelepts , Xerults , Fibrists , Ustepts , Xererts , Ustults , Aquands , Perox , Xerolls , Tropepts , Turbels , Udults , Aquents , Aquerts , Ustox , Aquods , Aquolls , Xerepts , Udox , Cryods , Ustolls , Aquults , Psamments , Arents , Fluvents , Humults , Vitrands , Udolls , Borolls , Orthels , Hemists , Wassents , Albolls , Salids , Cryepts , Saprists , Folists , Gypsids , Ochrepts , Cambids , Argids , Orthods , Data Details Time period: 2000-2022 Type of data: soil type probability - suborder: Aquepts How the data was collected or derived: Machine learning models. Statistical Methods used: Random Forest. Limitations or exclusions in the data: The dataset does not include Antarctica. Coordinate reference system: EPSG:4326 Bounding box (Xmin, Ymin, Xmax, Ymax): (-180, -56, 180, 76) Spatial resolution: 120m Image size: 360,000P x 132,000L File format: Cloud Optimized Geotiff (COG) format. Layer information: File Name Unit Scale Data Type No Data Description oc_iso.10694.1995.mg.cm3 kg/m³ 10 UInt16 32767 Organic carbon density derived by multiply fine earth bulk density and organic carbon content oc_iso.10694.1995.wpml g/kg 10 UInt16 32767 Organic carbon content based on dry combustion weight percent ph.h2o_iso.10390.2021.index - 10 Byte 255 The pH, 1:1 soil-water suspension is the pH of a sample measured in distilled water at a 1:1 soil:solution ratio bd.core_iso.11272.2017.g.cm3 g/cm³ 100 UInt16 32767 Bulk density, <2mm fraction, dry is the weight per unit volume of the <2 mm fraction, with volume measured in laboratory sand.tot_iso.11277.2020.wpct % 1 Byte 255 Total laboratory-estimated sand 0.063 to 2.0 mm particle diameter silt.tot_iso.11277.2020.wpct % 1 Byte 255 Total laboratory-estimated silt 0.002 to 0.063 mm particle size clay.tot_iso.11277.2020.wpct % 1 Byte 255 Total clay is the soil separate with <0.002 mm particle diameter soil.types_ensemble % 1 Byte 255 Probability of soil type occurrence Support If you discover a bug, artifact, or inconsistency, or if you have a question please raise a GitHub issue here Naming convention To ensure consistency and ease of use across and within the projects, we follow the standard Ai4SoilHealth and Open-Earth-Monitor file-naming convention. The convention works with 10 fields that describe important properties of the data. In this way users can search files, prepare data analysis etc, without needing to open files. For example, for oc_iso.10694.1995.wpml_m_30m_b30cm..60cm_20000101_20051231_g_epsg.4326_v20250204.tif, the fields are: generic variable name: oc = organic carbon variable procedure combination: iso.10694.1995.wpml = organic carbon content based on dry combustion weight per mille Position in the probability distribution/variable type: m = mean Spatial support: 30m Depth reference: b30cm..60cm = below ground at 30-60cm interval Time reference begin time: 20000101 = 2000-01-01 Time reference end time: 20051231 = 2005-12-31 Bounding box: g = global EPSG code: EPSG:4326 Version code: v20250204 = version from 2025-02-04 Acknowledgement This project is funded by European Commission through Open-Earth-Monitor project and by World Resources Institute through Land & Carbon Lab
### 子数据集:土壤类型概率——亚纲:Aquepts #### 数据集概述 本数据集由陆地与碳实验室(Land & Carbon Lab)于2000至2022年间生成,整合了数字地表/地形模型、植被/耕作指数、气候/生物气候变量,基于树状时空机器学习(tree-based spatiotemporal Machine Learning)构建,涵盖全球土壤属性逐年分布图。尽管核心目标为优化全球土壤属性监测工作,本数据集实现了所有陆地生态系统的全覆盖,以云优化地理栅格(Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF, COG)格式封装为300余幅全球镶嵌图。 数据以5年为时间间隔发布,涵盖3个标准土层深度区间(0–30 cm、30–60 cm、60–100 cm),覆盖美国农业部土壤分类系统(USDA Soil Taxonomy)下的79个土壤亚纲。原始图层采用WGS84坐标系(EPSG:4326),像素分辨率为0.00025度;而存档于Zenodo的图层分辨率为0.00075度且附带不确定性信息,但仅包含初始与最终两个时段(2000–2005年及2020–2022年),具体包括: 1. **土壤有机碳含量(g/kg)** 作为土壤肥力、结构与微生物活性的关键指标,该图层表征土壤细粒组分(<2 mm)中有机碳的浓度。其标准测量方法为采用元素分析仪的干式燃烧法(如ISO 10694标准)。 2. **土壤有机碳密度(kg/m³)** 该图层表征单位体积土壤中的有机碳质量,计算公式为:有机碳含量 × 容重 × (1 − 粗碎屑体积占比)。该参数对于估算总碳储量及长期监测土壤碳变化至关重要。 3. **土壤pH值** 该图层表征土壤酸碱度,影响养分有效性与微生物过程,报告值为水土比悬液pH值(pH in H₂O)。 4. **土壤容重(g/cm³)** 该图层指单位体积干燥细粒土壤(<2 mm)的质量,不含粗碎屑组分,可反映土壤压实程度与孔隙度,进而影响水分持留与根系穿透能力。通常采用环刀法测定,或通过土壤传递函数(pedotransfer functions)计算得到。 5. **土壤粒级组分** 该图层表征土壤矿质颗粒按粒径划分的相对占比,其会影响水分运移、养分保持能力与植物生长。其中包括: - 黏粒含量(%):粒径<0.002 mm的颗粒占比; - 砂粒含量(%):粒径介于0.05–2.0 mm的颗粒占比(部分分类标准以0.063 mm作为下限阈值); - 粉粒含量(%):粒径介于0.002–0.05 mm的颗粒占比,部分分类系统将上限调整至0.063 mm。 土壤粒级分级遵循美国农业部或联合国粮农组织(FAO)的粒径分类标准。 6. **土壤类型概率** 该图层基于美国农业部土壤分类系统(USDA Soil Taxonomy)的亚类级别开展土壤概率分类,每个像素将根据历史点位数据与环境协变量,获得潜在土壤类型的概率分布。 30 m分辨率图层可通过空间时间资产目录(SpatioTemporal Asset Catalog, STAC)与谷歌地球引擎(Google Earth Engine, GEE)获取,链接如下: - OpenLandMap STAC:https://stac.openlandmap.org - 谷歌地球引擎:https://code.earthengine.google.com/?asset=projects/global-pasture-watch/assets/gsm-30m 所有建模框架已开源至OpenLandMap GitHub仓库`soildb`。 #### 通用数据详情 - 时间范围:土壤属性数据为2000–2022年,以5年为间隔发布(最后一个时段涵盖2020–2022年);土壤类型数据为2000–2022年静态数据。 - 数据类型:时空土壤数据库,包含土层深度信息与用于土壤评估的加权百分比数据,以及静态土壤类型分类数据。 - 数据获取与衍生方式:通过机器学习模型衍生得到。 - 所用统计方法:树状时空机器学习 - 土层深度参考:`b30cm..60cm` = 地下30–60 cm区间 - 数据局限性与排除范围:未包含南极洲区域,已对永久冰盖与沙漠区域做掩膜处理。 - 坐标系:EPSG:4326 - bounding box(最小经纬度范围):(-180, -56, 180, 76) - 空间分辨率:0.00075度(约120 m) - 影像尺寸:360,000列 × 132,000行 - 文件格式:云优化地理栅格(Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF, COG)格式 #### 数据集内容 本数据集包含: 土壤类型概率子数据集——亚纲:Aquepts #### 关联标识符 ##### 有机碳密度(SOC density): - 地下0–30 cm,2000–2005年 - 地下0–30 cm,2020–2022年 - 地下30–60 cm,2000–2005年 - 地下30–60 cm,2020–2022年 - 地下60–100 cm,2000–2005年 - 地下60–100 cm,2020–2022年 ##### 有机碳含量(SOC content): - 地下0–30 cm,2000–2005年(第1部分) - 地下0–30 cm,2000–2005年(第2部分) - 地下0–30 cm,2020–2022年(第1部分) - 地下0–30 cm,2020–2022年(第2部分) - 地下30–60 cm,2000–2005年 - 地下30–60 cm,2020–2022年 - 地下60–100 cm,2000–2005年 - 地下60–100 cm,2020–2022年 ##### 土壤容重(Bulk density): - 地下0–30 cm,2000–2005年 - 地下0–30 cm,2020–2022年 - 地下30–60 cm,2000–2005年 - 地下30–60 cm,2020–2022年 - 地下60–100 cm,2000–2005年 - 地下60–100 cm,2020–2022年 ##### 水溶液pH值(Soil ph of water): - 地下0–30 cm,2000–2005年 - 地下0–30 cm,2020–2022年 - 地下30–60 cm,2000–2005年 - 地下30–60 cm,2020–2022年 - 地下60–100 cm,2000–2005年 - 地下60–100 cm,2020–2022年 ##### 土壤粒级组分(Soil textures fraction): - 黏粒:地下0–30 cm,2000–2005年 - 黏粒:地下0–30 cm,2020–2022年 - 黏粒:地下30–60 cm,2000–2005年 - 黏粒:地下30–60 cm,2020–2022年 - 黏粒:地下60–100 cm,2000–2005年 - 黏粒:地下60–100 cm,2020–2022年 - 砂粒:地下0–30 cm,2000–2005年 - 砂粒:地下0–30 cm,2020–2022年 - 砂粒:地下30–60 cm,2000–2005年 - 砂粒:地下30–60 cm,2020–2022年 - 砂粒:地下60–100 cm,2000–2005年 - 砂粒:地下60–100 cm,2020–2022年 - 粉粒:地下0–30 cm,2000–2005年 - 粉粒:地下0–30 cm,2020–2022年 - 粉粒:地下30–60 cm,2000–2005年 - 粉粒:地下30–60 cm,2020–2022年 - 粉粒:地下60–100 cm,2000–2005年 - 粉粒:地下60–100 cm,2020–2022年 ##### 土壤类型(亚纲): Uderts、Calcids、Xerands、Orthents、Cryands、Ustalfs、Cryalfs、Aquepts、Udalfs、Cryolls、Durids、Usterts、Boralfs、Orthids、Udands、Torrerts、Histels、Rendolls、Aqualfs、Udepts、Xeralfs、Gelepts、Xerults、Fibrists、Ustepts、Xererts、Ustults、Aquands、Perox、Xerolls、Tropepts、Turbels、Udults、Aquents、Aquerts、Ustox、Aquods、Aquolls、Xerepts、Udox、Cryods、Ustolls、Aquults、Psamments、Arents、Fluvents、Humults、Vitrands、Udolls、Borolls、Orthels、Hemists、Wassents、Albolls、Salids、Cryepts、Saprists、Folists、Gypsids、Ochrepts、Cambids、Argids、Orthods #### 子数据集专属数据详情 - 时间范围:2000–2022年 - 数据类型:土壤类型概率——亚纲:Aquepts - 数据获取与衍生方式:机器学习模型 - 所用统计方法:随机森林(Random Forest) - 数据局限性与排除范围:未包含南极洲区域 - 坐标系:EPSG:4326 - bounding box(最小经纬度范围):(-180, -56, 180, 76) - 空间分辨率:120 m - 影像尺寸:360,000列 × 132,000行 - 文件格式:云优化地理栅格(Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF, COG)格式 ##### 图层信息 | 文件名 | 单位 | 缩放系数 | 数据类型 | 无数据值 | 描述 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | oc_iso.10694.1995.mg.cm3 | kg/m³ | 10 | UInt16 | 32767 | 有机碳密度:通过细粒土壤容重与有机碳含量相乘得到 | | oc_iso.10694.1995.wpml | g/kg | 10 | UInt16 | 32767 | 有机碳含量:基于干式燃烧重量百分比法测定,符合ISO 10694标准 | | ph.h2o_iso.10390.2021.index | - | 10 | Byte | 255 | 土壤pH值:水土比1:1悬液的pH值,采用蒸馏水与土壤按1:1比例混合后测定 | | bd.core_iso.11272.2017.g.cm3 | g/cm³ | 100 | UInt16 | 32767 | 容重:<2 mm粒径组分的干燥质量与体积比,体积通过实验室方法测定 | | sand.tot_iso.11277.2020.wpct | % | 1 | Byte | 255 | 总砂粒含量:实验室测定的粒径0.063–2.0 mm的颗粒占比 | | silt.tot_iso.11277.2020.wpct | % | 1 | Byte | 255 | 总粉粒含量:实验室测定的粒径0.002–0.063 mm的颗粒占比 | | clay.tot_iso.11277.2020.wpct | % | 1 | Byte | 255 | 总黏粒含量:粒径<0.002 mm的土壤颗粒占比 | | soil.types_ensemble | % | 1 | Byte | 255 | 土壤类型出现概率 | #### 技术支持 若您发现数据存在缺陷、异常或不一致性,或有相关疑问,请在此处提交GitHub Issue。 #### 命名规范 为确保项目内外数据使用的一致性与便捷性,本数据集遵循Ai4SoilHealth与Open-Earth-Monitor标准命名规范。该规范通过10个字段描述数据的关键属性,使用户可无需打开文件即可实现文件检索与数据分析等操作。 示例文件名:`oc_iso.10694.1995.wpml_m_30m_b30cm..60cm_20000101_20051231_g_epsg.4326_v20250204.tif` 各字段含义如下: - 通用变量名:`oc` = 有机碳 - 变量与处理流程组合:`iso.10694.1995.wpml` = 基于干式燃烧重量千分比的有机碳含量 - 概率分布位置/变量类型:`m` = 均值 - 空间分辨率:`30m` - 土层深度参考:`b30cm..60cm` = 地下30–60 cm区间 - 时间起始:`20000101` = 2000-01-01 - 时间结束:`20051231` = 2005-12-31 - 空间范围:`g` = 全球范围 - EPSG代码:`EPSG:4326` - 版本号:`v20250204` = 2025年2月4日发布的版本 #### 致谢 本项目由欧盟委员会通过Open-Earth-Monitor项目,以及世界资源研究所(World Resources Institute)通过陆地与碳实验室(Land & Carbon Lab)资助。



