Material stock map of CONUS - West Coast

Humanity’s role in changing the face of the earth is a long-standing concern, as is the human domination of ecosystems. Geologists are debating the introduction of a new geological epoch, the ‘anthropocene’, as humans are ‘overwhelming the great forces of nature’. In this context, the accumulation of artefacts, i.e., human-made physical objects, is a pervasive phenomenon. Variously dubbed ‘manufactured capital’, ‘technomass’, ‘human-made mass’, ‘in-use stocks’ or ‘socioeconomic material stocks’, they have become a major focus of sustainability sciences in the last decade. Globally, the mass of socioeconomic material stocks now exceeds 10e14 kg, which is roughly equal to the dry-matter equivalent of all biomass on earth. It is doubling roughly every 20 years, almost perfectly in line with ‘real’ (i.e. inflation-adjusted) GDP. In terms of mass, buildings and infrastructures (here collectively called ‘built structures’) represent the overwhelming majority of all socioeconomic material stocks. This dataset features a detailed map of material stocks in the CONUS on a 10m grid based on high resolution Earth Observation data (Sentinel-1 + Sentinel-2), crowd-sourced geodata (OSM) and material intensity factors. <strong>Spatial extent</strong><br> This subdataset covers the <strong>West Coast CONUS</strong>, i.e. CA OR WA For the remaining CONUS, see the <em>related identifiers</em>. <strong>Temporal extent</strong><br> The map is representative for ca. 2018. <strong>Data format</strong><br> The data are organized by states. Within each state, data are split into 100km x 100km tiles (EQUI7 grid), and mosaics are provided. Within each tile, images for area, volume, and mass at 10m spatial resolution are provided. Units are m², m³, and t, respectively. Each metric is split into buildings, other, rail and street (note: In the paper, other, rail, and street stocks are subsumed to mobility infrastructure). Each category is further split into subcategories (e.g. building types). Additionally, a grand total of all stocks is provided at multiple spatial resolutions and units, i.e. t at 10m x 10m kt at 100m x 100m Mt at 1km x 1km Gt at 10km x 10km For each state, mosaics of all above-described data are provided in GDAL VRT format, which can readily be opened in most Geographic Information Systems. File paths are relative, i.e. DO NOT change the file structure or file naming. Additionally, the grand total mass per state is tabulated for each county in <em>mass_grand_total_t_10m2.tif.csv</em>. County FIPS code and the ID in this table can be related via <em>FIPS-dictionary_ENLOCALE.csv</em>. <strong>Material layers</strong><br> Note that material-specific layers are not included in this repository because of upload limits. Only the totals are provided (i.e. the sum over all materials). However, these can easily be derived by re-applying the material intensity factors from (see <em>related identifiers</em>): A. Baumgart, D. Virág, D. Frantz, F. Schug, D. Wiedenhofer, Material intensity factors for buildings, roads and rail-based infrastructure in the United States. Zenodo (2022), doi:10.5281/zenodo.5045337. <strong>Further information</strong><br> For further information, please see the publication.<br> A web-visualization of this dataset is available here.<br> Visit our website to learn more about our project MAT_STOCKS - Understanding the Role of Material Stock Patterns for the Transformation to a Sustainable Society. <strong>Publication</strong><br> D. Frantz, F. Schug, D. Wiedenhofer, A. Baumgart, D. Virág, S. Cooper, C. Gomez-Medina, F. Lehmann, T. Udelhoven, S. van der Linden, P. Hostert, H. Haberl. Weighing the US Economy: Map of Built Structures Unveils Patterns in Human-Dominated Landscapes. <em>In prep</em> <strong>Funding</strong><br> This research was primarly funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (MAT_STOCKS, grant agreement No 741950). Workflow development was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)—Project-ID 414984028-SFB 1404. <strong>Acknowledgments</strong><br> We thank the European Space Agency and the European Commission for freely and openly sharing Sentinel imagery; USGS for the National Land Cover Database; Microsoft for Building Footprints; Geofabrik and all contributors for OpenStreetMap.This dataset was partly produced on EODC - we thank Clement Atzberger for supporting the generation of this dataset by sharing disc space on EODC.人类对地球面貌的改造作用，以及人类对生态系统的主导地位，是长期以来备受关注的议题。地质学家们正在热议引入新的地质年代——**人类世（Anthropocene）**，因人类活动已“远超自然的核心驱动力”。在此背景下，人工制品（即人类制造的实体物件）的积累已成为一种普遍现象。这类物件先后被冠以“制造资本”“技术物质总量”“人工物质总量”“在用存量”或“社会经济物质存量”等称谓，近十年来已成为可持续发展科学的核心研究方向之一。当前全球社会经济物质存量总质量已突破10^14千克，大致相当于地球所有生物质的干物质总量；其规模约每20年翻一番，与经通胀调整的“实际”国内生产总值（GDP）增长趋势高度契合。从质量维度来看，建筑与基础设施（本文统称为“建成构筑物”）占社会经济物质存量的绝大多数。 <strong>空间范围</strong><br>本次子数据集覆盖美国本土西海岸（CONUS西海岸），即加利福尼亚州、俄勒冈州与华盛顿州。美国本土其余区域的相关数据，请参见<em>关联标识符</em>部分。 <strong>时间范围</strong><br>该地图的代表性时段约为2018年。 <strong>数据格式</strong><br>数据按州级行政单元组织。每个州的数据被划分为100km×100km的瓦片（采用EQUI7网格），并提供拼接后的镶嵌数据。每个瓦片内包含10米空间分辨率的面积、体积与质量三类数据图层，单位分别为平方米（m²）、立方米（m³）与吨（t）。每类数据均按建筑、其他、铁路与道路四类进行划分（注：在论文中，其他、铁路与道路存量均归为交通基础设施），每一大类还可细分为子类别（如建筑类型）。此外，数据集还提供了多空间分辨率与单位下的所有存量总数据：10m×10m分辨率下以吨（t）为单位、100m×100m分辨率下以千吨（kt）为单位、1km×1km分辨率下以百万吨（Mt）为单位、10km×10km分辨率下以十亿吨（Gt）为单位。每个州的上述所有数据均以GDAL VRT格式提供镶嵌文件，可直接在绝大多数地理信息系统中打开。请保持相对文件路径，请勿更改文件结构与文件名。 此外，每个州的各县存量总质量数据已整理为表格，存储于<em>mass_grand_total_t_10m2.tif.csv</em>文件中。各县的联邦信息处理标准（Federal Information Processing Standards，FIPS）代码与该表格中的ID可通过<em>FIPS-dictionary_ENLOCALE.csv</em>文件进行关联匹配。 <strong>物质图层说明</strong><br>由于上传限制，本仓库未包含按物质类型划分的专属图层，仅提供所有物质的总存量数据。但用户可通过重新应用以下文献中的物质强度系数，自行推导各物质类型的存量数据（详见<em>关联标识符</em>部分）：A. Baumgart、D. Virág、D. Frantz、F. Schug、D. Wiedenhofer，《美国建筑、道路与铁路基础设施的物质强度系数》，Zenodo（2022），DOI:10.5281/zenodo.5045337。 <strong>更多信息</strong><br>如需获取详细信息，请参阅配套发表论文。<br>本数据集的网页可视化工具可通过指定链接访问。<br>欢迎访问项目官网，了解更多关于MAT_STOCKS项目的信息：理解物质存量格局在向可持续社会转型中的作用。 <strong>发表信息</strong><br>D. Frantz、F. Schug、D. Wiedenhofer、A. Baumgart、D. Virág、S. Cooper、C. Gomez-Medina、F. Lehmann、T. Udelhoven、S. van der Linden、P. Hostert、H. Haberl. 《测算美国经济：建成构筑物地图揭示人类主导景观格局》，<em>待发表（In prep）</em>。 <strong>资助信息</strong><br>本研究主要由欧洲研究委员会（European Research Council，ERC）在欧盟“地平线2020”研究与创新计划下资助（项目名称：MAT_STOCKS，协议编号：741950）。工作流开发工作由德国研究基金会（Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft，DFG）资助——项目ID：414984028-SFB 1404。 <strong>致谢</strong><br>感谢欧洲空间局与欧盟委员会免费公开分享Sentinel系列影像数据；感谢美国地质调查局（United States Geological Survey，USGS）提供的国家土地覆盖数据库；感谢微软提供Building Footprints数据；感谢Geofabrik与所有OpenStreetMap贡献者。本数据集部分在EODC平台上生成，感谢Clement Atzberger通过EODC平台提供磁盘空间支持本数据集的制作。