METHODS ACTIVELY USED IN LINGUISTIC RESEARCH

This article discusses the main methods actively used in linguistic research. Linguistics, as a scientific field that studies language, speech, communication, meaning, structure and language development, relies on various research methods. The correct choice of methodology is one of the most important factors determining the scientific value of linguistic investigation. In modern linguistics, descriptive, comparative, historical-comparative, structural, distributive, componential, contextual, statistical, experimental, sociolinguistic, psycholinguistic and corpus-based methods are widely used. Each of these methods has its own purpose, analytical possibilities and practical significance. The article explains the essence of these methods and their application in phonetics, lexicology, grammar, semantics, pragmatics, discourse analysis and translation studies. Special attention is paid to the importance of combining traditional linguistic methods with modern digital and corpus-based approaches. The paper concludes that linguistic research becomes more objective, systematic and scientifically reliable when different methods are applied in an integrated manner.本文探讨了当前语言学研究中广泛采用的主流研究方法。语言学作为研究语言、言语、交际、意义、结构与语言发展的科学学科，依托多元研究方法开展学术研究。研究方法论的合理选择，是决定语言学研究科学价值的核心要素之一。在现代语言学领域，描述性、比较、历史比较、结构主义、分布、成分分析、语境、统计、实验、社会语言学、心理语言学及基于语料库（corpus-based）的研究方法均得到广泛应用。各类方法均具备专属的研究目标、分析潜力与实践价值。本文阐释了上述各类方法的核心内涵，及其在语音学、词汇学、语法学、语义学、语用学、话语分析与翻译研究领域中的应用场景。本文特别强调了将传统语言学研究方法与现代数字化及基于语料库的研究路径相结合的重要意义。最终本文得出结论：当以整合化方式运用多元研究方法时，语言学研究将更具客观性、系统性与科学可靠性。