Supplementary data from: Early vertebrate biomineralisation and eye structure determined by synchrotron X-ray analyses of Silurian jawless fish

Understanding the origin and early diversification of vertebrates has always been a challenge because of the ambiguous and conflicting interpretations of the soft-bodied, pre-biomineralisation fossil record. Here, we apply synchrotron radiation techniques to Jamoytius and Lasanius, two soft-bodied Silurian vertebrates, key taxa for discerning vertebrate bone evolution due to highly localised, but debated, biomineralisation. We map soft-tissue structures and quantify details of biochemical residue impossible to resolve with traditional methods. We present the first unequivocal evidence for biomineralised apatitic scales in Jamoytius by combining Synchrotron Rapid Scanning X-ray Fluorescence (SRS-XRF) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy (elevated Ca 37% and P 21%). This approach also recovers robust evidence for apatitic biomineralisation in Lasanius. Chemical mapping of the optical anatomy of Jamoytius recovers a close correlation with Zn and Cu distribution, providing ev..., , # Supplementary data from: Early vertebrate biomineralisation and eye structure determined by synchrotron X-ray analyses of Silurian jawless fish

Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.1jwstqk8h](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1jwstqk8h)

## Description of the data and file structure

This contains additional supporting text, images and data.

### Files and variables

#### File: Reeves_et_al_2025_Supplementary_Information_.pdf

**Description:** Supplementary Text and Data
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阐明脊椎动物的起源与早期辐射演化始终是古生物学研究的一大难点，这是由于软躯体、生物矿化前的化石记录存在诸多歧义与相互冲突的解读。
本研究将同步辐射技术应用于志留纪的两种软躯体脊椎动物——贾莫蒂鱼属（Jamoytius）与拉萨尼鱼属（Lasanius）——二者因具有局部化但尚存争议的生物矿化特征，成为解析脊椎动物骨骼演化的关键分类单元。
我们对其软组织结构进行成像，并量化了传统方法无法解析的生化残留物细节。
本研究结合同步辐射快速扫描X射线荧光（Synchrotron Rapid Scanning X-ray Fluorescence, SRS-XRF）与傅里叶变换红外光谱（Fourier Transform Infra-Red, FTIR），首次为贾莫蒂鱼属的矿化磷灰石质鳞片提供了确凿证据（钙元素含量升高37%，磷元素含量升高21%）。
该方法同时为拉萨尼鱼属的磷灰石质生物矿化提供了强有力的证据。
对贾莫蒂鱼属的光学解剖结构进行化学成像后，发现其与锌、铜元素的分布存在显著相关性，相关研究[...]，# 补充数据源自：《通过同步辐射X射线分析志留纪无颌鱼类揭示脊椎动物生物矿化与眼部结构》

数据集DOI：[10.5061/dryad.1jwstqk8h](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1jwstqk8h)

## 数据与文件结构说明

本数据集包含补充性的说明文本、图像与实验数据。

### 文件与变量

#### 文件：Reeves_et_al_2025_Supplementary_Information_.pdf

**描述：** 补充文本与数据