Baseline data for SDM of the SIM4NEXUS case of the Netherlands

This dataset consists of the baseline data for the SDM of the SIM4NEXUS case of the Netherlands. Most data is based on year data that has been equally distributed over 12 months per year. For optional extension to monthly data, the data display already monthly data starting at December 2009 until December 2050 i.e. 493 points in time. The data include time series for socio-economic indicators, land use, food production, energy use, climate and water. The socio-economic system includes data on population and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. The land system includes data on four main land uses, namely built-up areas, agriculture (with areas for food, energy crops and fodder crops production) , nature areas (non-forest, forest not for biomass production, forest for biomass production) , and areas for renewable energy production like wind mills and solar power fields. The food system includes plant-based (food crops like cereals and vegetables and fruit) and animal-based food production (based on the herds of cattle, pigs and poultry) in terms of protein. In addition, the animal- and plant-based protein requirements of Dutch consumers are also estimated. The energy system has an energy production and an energy demand part. Energy demand is determined for the domestic sector (i.e. households) based upon population and households’ demands for renewable and non-renewable energy. For the other economic sectors (agriculture, manufacturing industry, transportation and services sector) the demands for renewable and non-renewable energy are determined by GDP per sector and the energy intensity of the sectors. Energy supply is divided into non-renewable energy production and renewable energy production. Non-renewable energy sources include energy from coal, natural gas, oil and nuclear. The renewable energy consist of energy from wind (onshore and offshore), solar (on buildings and solar power fields), biomass and other sources (innovations like hydrogen or geothermic power). The energy of biomass there are 7 sources of biomass: energy crops, crop residues, manure, organic household waste, organic waste from public areas, waste water and timber residues. Timber residues are largely imported for large-scale use of co-firing in coal power plants and bio-based activities in the manufacturing industries. The water system has two parts: water quality which are the agricultural emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus to water, and water quantity i.e. agricultural water demand for irrigation and livestock drinking water. Finally, the climate system is divided into non-agricultural GHG emissions, and agricultural emissions. The non-agricultural GHG emissions are based on the GHG emissions from non-renewable energy production and non-energy related GHG emissions per economic sector except for agriculture. The agricultural GHG emissions relate to GHG emissions from livestock production, crop production and wetlands.本数据集为荷兰SIM4NEXUS案例中系统动力学模型（System Dynamics Model, SDM）的基准数据。多数原始数据为年度数据，并被平均分配至每年12个月。若需拓展为月度数据集，本数据集已提供2009年12月至2050年12月的月度数据，共计493个时间节点。 数据集涵盖社会经济指标、土地利用、粮食生产、能源使用、气候与水资源等领域的时间序列数据。其中社会经济系统包含人口及人均国内生产总值（Gross Domestic Product, GDP）相关数据。 土地系统涵盖四大类主要土地利用类型：建成区、农业用地（含粮食作物、能源作物与饲料作物种植面积）、自然区域（非林地、非生物质生产林、生物质生产林），以及风电、光伏电站等可再生能源生产用地。 粮食系统包含以蛋白质计量的植物基食品（谷物、蔬菜、水果等粮食作物）与动物基食品（基于牛、猪、家禽存栏量的生产）相关数据。此外，还估算了荷兰消费者对动物源与植物源蛋白质的需求总量。 能源系统分为能源生产与能源需求两大模块。能源需求测算方面，居民部门（即家庭）的能源需求基于人口规模及家庭对可再生与不可再生能源的需求进行计算；其他经济部门（农业、制造业、交通运输业与服务业）的可再生与不可再生能源需求则由分部门国内生产总值及部门能源强度决定。能源供给分为不可再生能源生产与可再生能源生产两类：不可再生能源包括煤炭、天然气、石油与核能发电；可再生能源则涵盖陆上与海上风电、建筑及光伏电站太阳能、生物质能及其他新兴能源（如氢能、地热能等）。其中生物质能包含7类来源：能源作物、农作物秸秆、畜禽粪便、有机生活垃圾、公共区域有机废弃物、污水处理副产物与木材残留物。木材残留物主要用于燃煤电厂的大规模混烧作业及制造业的生物质相关生产活动。 水资源系统分为两部分：水质指标，即农业向水体排放的氮、磷污染物；水量指标，即农业灌溉用水需求与畜禽饮用水需求。 最后，气候系统分为非农业温室气体（Greenhouse Gas, GHG）排放与农业温室气体排放。非农业温室气体排放基于不可再生能源生产产生的温室气体排放，以及除农业外各经济部门的非能源类温室气体排放。农业温室气体排放则涉及畜禽养殖、作物种植与湿地产生的温室气体排放。