Direct and indirect costs per episode of influenza-like illness (ILI) for influenza positive and negative cases, by medical setting and viral type among influenza positive cases, mean U.S. dollars (95%CI)^a.

Note: aWe used an exchange rate of 1 USD for 6.3 RMB to convert RMB costs to U.S. dollars; bOthers include bed, nursing, air-condition fees, etc; cOthers include expenses of accommodation, toy, etc; dP<0.05 in comparison between influenza positive and negative cases; eComparison among influenza positive cases by medical setting and viral type.