Data from: A jungle tale: molecular phylogeny and divergence time estimates of the Desmopsis - Stenanona clade (Annonaceae) in Mesoamerica

The predominantly Asian tribe Miliuseae (Annonaceae) includes over 37 Neotropical species that are mainly distributed across Mesoamerica, from southern Mexico to northern Colombia. The tremendous ecological and morphological diversity of this clade, including ramiflory, cauliflory, flagelliflory, and clonality, suggests adaptive radiation. Despite the spectacular phenotypic divergence of this clade, little is known about its phylogenetic and evolutionary history. In this study we used a nuclear DNA marker and seven chloroplast markers, and maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods to reconstruct a comprehensive time-calibrated phylogeny of tribe Miliuseae, especially focusing on the Desmopsis-Stenanona clade. We also perform ancestral area reconstructions to infer the biogeographic history of this group. Finally, we use ecological niche modeling, lineage distribution models, and niche overlap tests to assess whether geographic isolation and ecological specialization influenced the diversification of lineages within this clade. We reconstructed a monophyletic Miliuseae that is divided into two strongly supported clades: (i) a Sapranthus-Tridimeris clade and (ii) a Desmopsis-Stenanona clade. The colonization of the Neotropics and subsequent diversification of Neotropical Miliuseae seems to have been associated with the expansion of the boreotropical forests during the late Eocene and their subsequent fragmentation and southern displacement. Further speciation within Neotropical Miliuseae out of the Maya block seems to have occurred during the last 15 million years. Lastly, the geographic structuring of major lineages of the Desmopsis-Stenanona clade seems to have followed a climatic gradient, supporting the hypothesis that morphological differentiation between closely related species resulted from both long-term isolation between geographic ranges and adaptation to environmental conditions.

以亚洲类群为主的木瓣树族（Miliuseae，番荔枝科Annonaceae）涵盖了37个以上的新热带物种，这些物种主要分布于中美洲地区，北起墨西哥南部，南至哥伦比亚北部。该演化支具有极高的生态与形态多样性，包括枝生花、茎生花、鞭生花以及无性繁殖等特征，暗示其经历了适应性辐射。尽管该演化支的表型分化极为显著，但学界对其系统发育与演化历史的认知仍较为匮乏。本研究利用1个核DNA标记与7个叶绿体标记，结合最大简约法、最大似然法以及贝叶斯推断方法，构建了木瓣树族的全面时间校准系统发育树，重点聚焦于Desmopsis-Stenanona演化支。本研究同时开展祖先区域重建分析，以推断该类群的生物地理演化历史。最后，本研究通过生态位建模、谱系分布模型以及生态位重叠检验，评估地理隔离与生态特化是否对该演化支内的谱系多样化产生了影响。本研究重建得到单系起源的木瓣树族，其分为两个高支持度的演化支：(1) Sapranthus-Tridimeris演化支，以及(2) Desmopsis-Stenanona演化支。新热带区的殖民事件以及后续新热带木瓣树族的多样化过程，似乎与始新世晚期古北热带森林的扩张，以及后续该类森林的碎片化与向南位移密切相关。新热带木瓣树族脱离玛雅地块后的进一步物种形成事件，似乎发生在过去1500万年期间。最终，Desmopsis-Stenanona演化支的主要谱系的地理结构分化似乎遵循气候梯度模式，这支持了如下假说：近缘物种间的形态分化，是由地理分布范围间的长期隔离以及对环境条件的适应共同作用所导致的。