Data from two experiments investigating transfer of stimulus-response frequency on reaction time

This data collection contains the raw data sets from two experiments investigating the transfer of stimulus-response (S-R) frequency on reaction time (RT) in human participants. We have described the theoretical background, the methods, and the results of both expeiments in a manuscript entitled "Reaction times are shaped by global and local stimulus-response frequencies". This manuscript has been submitted for publication in October 2024, when we published these datasets. Here is the abstract of our manuscript: Responses to more frequent stimuli are faster and less error-prone than responses to less frequent stimuli. Here we show that responses to equally frequent stimulus colors, presented in left and right locations, exhibit an indirect relative-frequency effect when these stimulus colors are presented with different relative frequencies in upper and lower locations; the indirect relative-frequency effect is accompanied by modulated Simon effects and smaller than the direct effect. However, for the same stimulus locations the indirect effect disappears when the global relative frequencies of stimulus colors and thus responses are equated by presenting additional stimuli at the central location; under these conditions only a small direct effect remains for responses to stimulus colors in locations where they actually have different frequencies. Thus there is a strong global, location-independent effect of relative stimulus-response frequency, likely resulting from selective response preparation, and a weaker local, location-dependent effect, likely resulting from facilitated processing of the more frequent stimulus at a specific location. The findings imply that the effects of relative stimulus-response frequency are based on representations both of individual and integrated features of stimuli, responses, and context such as task-irrelevant stimulus locations. The design and analyis of Experiment 1 has been preregistered prior to conducting the research at https://osf.io/uk5n2. The design and analysis of Experiment 2 has been preregistered prior to conducting the research at https://osf.io/b3msh.

本数据集包含两项实验的原始数据，两项实验旨在探究人类被试中刺激-反应（stimulus-response, S-R）频率对反应时（reaction time, RT）的影响效应。我们已在一篇题为《反应时由全局与局部刺激-反应频率塑造》的手稿中详述了两项实验的理论背景、实验方法与研究结果。该手稿已于2024年10月提交待刊，本数据集亦于同期发布。以下为本手稿的摘要内容：相较于低频刺激，个体对高频刺激的反应更快且错误率更低。本研究发现，当在上下位置以不同相对频率呈现刺激颜色时，即使左右位置呈现的刺激颜色频率相同，被试仍会表现出间接相对频率效应；该间接相对频率效应伴随西蒙效应（Simon effect）的调节，且效应量小于直接效应。然而，若通过在中央位置额外呈现刺激，使刺激颜色（及对应反应）的全局相对频率趋于一致，则同一刺激位置下的间接效应会消失；此时仅在实际频率存在差异的位置，对刺激颜色的反应仍存在微弱的直接效应。综上，刺激-反应相对频率存在两种效应：一种是较强的全局、与位置无关的效应，其可能源于选择性反应准备；另一种是较弱的局部、与位置相关的效应，其可能源于特定位置上高频刺激的加工易化。本研究结果表明，刺激-反应相对频率的效应基于刺激、反应以及任务无关刺激位置等情境的独立特征与整合特征表征。实验1的实验设计与分析已于研究开展前在https://osf.io/uk5n2平台完成预注册。实验2的实验设计与分析亦已于研究开展前在https://osf.io/b3msh平台完成预注册。