Fiji mapped mangrove ecosystem service rankings in GeoJSON format

Incorporating the values of the services that ecosystems provide into decision making is becoming increasingly common in nature conservation and resource management policies, both locally and globally. Yet with limited funds for conservation of threatened species and ecosystems there is a desire to identify priority areas where investment efficiently conserves multiple ecosystem services. We mapped four mangrove ecosystems services (coastal protection, fisheries, biodiversity, and carbon storage) across Fiji. Using a cost-effectiveness analysis, we prioritised mangrove areas for each service, where the effectiveness was a function of the benefits provided to the local communities, and the costs were associated with restricting specific uses of mangroves. We demonstrate that, although priority mangrove areas (top 20%) for each service can be managed at relatively low opportunity costs (ranging from 4.5 to 11.3% of overall opportunity costs), prioritising for a single service yields relatively low co-benefits due to limited geographical overlap with priority areas for other services. None-the-less, prioritisation of mangrove areas provides greater overlap of benefits than if sites were selected randomly for most ecosystem services. We discuss deficiencies in the mapping of ecosystems services in data poor regions and how this may impact upon the equity of managing mangroves for particular services across the urban-rural divide in developing countries. Finally we discuss how our maps may aid decision-makers to direct funding for mangrove management from various sources to localities that best meet funding objectives, as well as how this knowledge can aid in creating a national mangrove zoning scheme.

将生态系统服务价值纳入决策流程，如今在全球及地方层面的自然保护与资源管理政策中已愈发普遍。然而，针对濒危物种与生态系统的保护资金有限，因此亟需识别出能够通过投入高效保护多项生态系统服务的优先区域。我们对斐济全境的四类红树林生态系统服务（海岸防护、渔业、生物多样性维持与碳固存）进行了制图。我们采用成本效益分析方法，针对每类服务划定红树林优先管护区域：其中效益以当地社区获得的收益为衡量依据，成本则与限制红树林的特定开发利用方式相关联。研究结果表明，尽管每类服务对应的红树林优先管护区域（占比前20%）的管护机会成本相对较低（仅为总机会成本的4.5%至11.3%），但仅针对单一服务划定优先区域时，由于与其他服务的优先区域地理重叠度较低，其协同收益也相对有限。尽管如此，针对红树林区域划定优先管护方案，相较于随机选取管护点位的方式，在多数生态系统服务上仍能实现更高的收益重叠度。我们还探讨了数据匮乏区域内生态系统服务制图存在的不足，以及该不足可能如何影响发展中国家城乡分野下，针对特定服务开展红树林管护的公平性。最后，我们讨论了本研究的服务制图成果可如何协助决策者将多渠道筹集的红树林管护资金，投向最契合资金目标的区域；同时也阐述了该研究结论可如何助力构建国家级红树林分区规划方案。