A 100-m grid population dataset of Shanghai, China using the Spatial-Leslie Model from 2010 to 2050

A 100 m grid population dataset of Shanghai was generated from 2010 to 2050 using the Spatial-Leslie Model. For individuals aged 65 and above, the relative root mean square error (%RMSE) is 0.31%. In the validation of projected population distributions for the period 2015-2050, the dataset achieved correlation coefficients exceeding 0.73 across all age groups, with the highest predictive accuracy observed in the 15-64 age group (R² = 0.83). This dataset aims to provide scientific and technical support for aging- related research by delivering high-precision population distribution data, thereby offering a robust basis for informed decision-making to address future challenges associated with population aging.