Timeseries of Daily Evapotranspiration (1 km) and Drought indices obtained from MODIS in the Iberian Peninsula

The dataset is a comprehensive multi-source database designed to support research and monitoring of evapotranspiration and drought dynamics in agricultural systems using remote sensing and reanalysis data. It integrates satellite observations, meteorological data, flux tower measurements, and field reports spanning from 2000 to 2022 throughout all the Iberian Peninsula. The satellite component is primarily based on MODIS Terra and Aqua platforms, including products such as Surface Reflectance (MOD09GA, MYD09GA), Land Surface Temperature (MOD11A1, MYD11A1), and Leaf Area Index/FPAR (MOD15A2H, MYD15A2H, MCD15A3H), all provided in GeoTIFF format with spatial resolutions between 500 m and 1 km and temporal resolutions from daily to 8-day intervals. Additional MODIS datasets include Land Cover (MCD12Q1) and Aerosol Optical Depth (MCD19A2). A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with 250 m resolution complements these layers. Meteorological variables are obtained from the ERA5 reanalysis (ECMWF), providing 3-hourly global data at ~27.8 km resolution. Ground validation is supported by FLUXNET2015 and Warm-Winter_2020 tower networks, with detailed energy flux and radiation measurements. Agricultural information comes from ESYRCE field reports, including crop type, yield, and irrigation status, as well as weather station precipitation data. The outputs include high-resolution (1 km) daily evapotranspiration maps and standardized drought indices (SPEI, SPET, SEDI) for 2003–2022, totaling over 1.6 TB of processed data — providing a robust foundation for understanding water stress and agricultural resilience under changing climate conditions.本数据集为一套多源综合数据库，旨在依托遥感与再分析数据，支撑农业系统蒸散发（evapotranspiration）与干旱动态的研究与监测工作。数据集整合了2000年至2022年覆盖整个伊比利亚半岛的卫星观测数据、气象数据、通量塔观测数据与野外调查报告。 卫星数据组分主要基于MODIS Terra与Aqua卫星平台，涵盖地表反射率（Surface Reflectance，产品编号MOD09GA、MYD09GA）、地表温度（Land Surface Temperature，产品编号MOD11A1、MYD11A1）以及叶面积指数/光合有效辐射分量（Leaf Area Index/FPAR，产品编号MOD15A2H、MYD15A2H、MCD15A3H），所有数据均采用GeoTIFF格式存储，空间分辨率介于500米至1公里之间，时间分辨率覆盖单日至8天间隔。额外的MODIS数据集还包括土地覆盖（Land Cover，产品编号MCD12Q1）与气溶胶光学厚度（Aerosol Optical Depth，产品编号MCD19A2）。250米分辨率的数字高程模型（Digital Elevation Model，DEM）作为补充图层加入数据集。 气象变量数据来源于欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）的ERA5再分析产品，提供分辨率约27.8公里、时间分辨率为每3小时一次的全球气象数据。数据集的地面验证依托FLUXNET2015与Warm-Winter_2020塔站网络，包含精细化的能量通量与辐射测量数据。农业相关信息则来源于ESYRCE野外报告，涵盖作物类型、产量、灌溉状态以及气象站降水观测数据。 数据集的输出产物包括分辨率1公里的日尺度蒸散发图，以及2003年至2022年的标准化干旱指数（SPEI、SPET、SEDI），总处理数据量超过1.6TB，可为理解气候变化背景下的水分胁迫与农业韧性提供坚实的研究基础。