"Table 125" of "Anisotropic flow and flow fluctuations of identified hadrons in Pb$-$Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV"

The first measurements of elliptic flow of $\mathrm{\pi}^{\pm}$, $\mathrm{K}^{\pm}$, $\mathrm{p}+\bar{\mathrm{p}}$, $\mathrm{K_{S}^{0}}$, $\Lambda+\bar{\Lambda}$, $\mathrm{\phi}$, $\mathrm{\Xi^{\mp}}$, and $\mathrm{\Omega^{\mp}}$ using multiparticle cumulants in Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV are presented. Results obtained with two- ($v_2\{2\}$) and four-particle cumulants ($v_2\{4\}$) are shown as a function of transverse momentum, $p_{\rm T}$, for various collision centrality intervals. Combining the data for both $v_2\{2\}$ and $v_2\{4\}$ also allows us to report the first measurements of the mean elliptic flow, elliptic flow fluctuations, and relative elliptic flow fluctuations for various hadron species. These observables probe the event-by-event eccentricity fluctuations in the initial state and the contributions from the dynamic evolution of the expanding quark--gluon plasma. The characteristic features observed in previous $p_{\rm T}$-differential anisotropic flow measurements for identified hadrons with two-particle correlations, namely the mass ordering at low $p_{\rm T}$ and the approximate scaling with the number of constituent quarks at intermediate $p_{\rm T}$, are similarly present in the four-particle correlations and the combinations of $v_2\{2\}$ and $v_2\{4\}$. In addition, a particle species dependence of flow fluctuations is observed that could indicate a significant contribution from final state hadronic interactions. The comparison between experimental measurements and CoLBT model calculations, which combine the various physics processes of hydrodynamics, quark coalescence, and jet fragmentation, illustrates their importance over a wide $p_{\rm T}$ range.

本文首次报道了在质心系能量sqrt{s_{
m NN}} = 5.02 TeV的铅-铅（Pb--Pb）碰撞中，利用多粒子累积量（multiparticle cumulants）对mathrm{pi}^{pm}、mathrm{K}^{pm}、mathrm{p}+ar{mathrm{p}}、mathrm{K_{S}^{0}}、Lambda+ar{Lambda}、mathrm{phi}、mathrm{Xi^{mp}}以及mathrm{Omega^{mp}}的椭圆流（elliptic flow）的测量结果。研究给出了两粒子累积量（two-particle cumulants，$v_2{2}$）与四粒子累积量（four-particle cumulants，$v_2{4}$）所得结果随横动量（transverse momentum, $p_{
m T}$）的变化关系，覆盖各类碰撞中心度区间。结合$v_2{2}$与$v_2{4}$的实验数据，我们还首次报告了不同强子种类的平均椭圆流、椭圆流涨落以及相对椭圆流涨落的测量结果。上述可观测量可用于探究初始态的逐事件偏心率涨落，以及膨胀的夸克胶子等离子体（quark–gluon plasma）动力学演化的贡献。此前通过两粒子关联对已鉴别强子（identified hadrons）开展横动量微分各向异性流（anisotropic flow）测量时观测到的特征——即低横动量区的质量序行为与中间横动量区随组成夸克数目近似标度的行为，在四粒子关联以及$v_2{2}$与$v_2{4}$的组合结果中同样存在。此外，本研究还观测到流涨落存在强子种类依赖性，这一现象或暗示末态强相互作用（final state hadronic interactions）存在显著贡献。将实验测量结果与结合了流体力学（hydrodynamics）、夸克聚合（quark coalescence）与喷注碎裂（jet fragmentation）多种物理过程的CoLBT模型（CoLBT model）的计算结果进行对比，验证了该模型在宽横动量范围内的重要性与适用性。