Time-resolved simulation videos for ultrashort-pulse laser ablation of copper

This dataset contains time-resolved visualization videos of numerical simulations of ultrashort-pulse laser ablation of copper with different spatial beam profiles. The dataset supports a manuscript on three-dimensional multiphase simulations of ultrashort-pulse laser ablation of copper with shaped laser beams. The dataset contains seven two-dimensional single-pulse validation videos and twelve three-dimensional multipulse simulation videos. The three-dimensional simulations include ideal Gaussian, experimentally measured Gaussian, ideal Gaussian with a synthetically perturbed initial surface, experimentally measured ring-shaped, and ideal top-hat beam profiles. For each three-dimensional case, two complementary visualization types are provided: view type A, showing three-dimensional renderings of the evolving crater and plume, and view type B, showing a clipped sectional view of the simulation domain. The videos do not contain embedded colorbars in order to avoid obstructing the simulation domain. The file colorbar_reference.png provides the common colorbars and phase-color legend used to interpret all videos. Unless stated otherwise, the visualization settings and color schemes are consistent across the full dataset. The phase colors are as follows: red denotes atmosphere/air, blue denotes the initial solid copper phase, light blue denotes resolidified copper, ochre denotes liquid copper, and orange denotes copper vapor. In the three-dimensional videos, the white contour denotes resolidified copper. Condensed-phase representations are clipped using alpha_condensed > 0.5, where alpha_condensed is the combined volume fraction of the condensed copper phases. The two-dimensional videos show a far view and a magnified view of the laser interaction region. On the right side of each video, the full simulation domain is shown using the density field on a logarithmic scale. On the left side of each video, a magnified view of the interaction region is shown. This zoomed view is subdivided into two parts: the right part shows the phase distribution, while the left part shows a combined scalar representation. In this combined representation, the lattice temperature is shown in the condensed phases on a linear scale, whereas the pressure is shown in the gaseous phases on a logarithmic scale. Three-dimensional view type B shows a clipped section through the three-dimensional simulation domain. This view is conceptually similar to the two-dimensional videos. The left side shows the phase distribution. The right side shows the lattice temperature in the condensed phases and the pressure in the gaseous phases. The lattice temperature is represented on a linear scale, whereas the pressure in the gaseous phases is represented on a logarithmic scale. The white contour indicates resolidified copper. Three-dimensional view type A shows three-dimensional renderings of the evolving crater and plume. One panel shows a three-dimensional representation of the same clipped section used in view type B. In this representation, the condensed copper phases are colored by lattice temperature, while the copper vapor is shown as a semi-transparent purple phase. The white contour again indicates resolidified copper. The second panel shows a tilted top view of the condensed copper phases, also colored by lattice temperature. The two-dimensional validation simulations are labeled V1--V7. They use an ideal Gaussian beam with a wavelength of 800 nm, a pulse duration of 120 fs at full width at half maximum, and a 1/e² diameter of 6.5 µm. The corresponding pulse energies and peak fluences are: V1, 1.00 µJ and 6.1 J/cm² V2, 1.92 µJ and 11.6 J/cm² V3, 3.80 µJ and 23.2 J/cm² V4, 4.40 µJ and 26.5 J/cm² V5, 5.36 µJ and 32.3 J/cm² V6, 7.40 µJ and 45.0 J/cm² V7, 10.4 µJ and 63.4 J/cm² The three-dimensional multipulse simulations use a wavelength of 1030 nm, a pulse duration of 1 ps at full width at half maximum, and ten successive pulses. The case identifiers are: G-I for the ideal Gaussian beam with a planar initial surface G-M for the experimentally measured Gaussian beam with a planar initial surface G-P for the ideal Gaussian beam with a synthetically perturbed initial surface R-M for the experimentally measured ring-shaped beam with a planar initial surface TH-L for the lower-fluence ideal top-hat case TH-H for the higher-fluence ideal top-hat case The ideal Gaussian and measured Gaussian cases use a pulse energy of 540 µJ. For the ideal Gaussian beam, this corresponds to a peak fluence of 44.6 J/cm² using the 1/e² beam diameter of 55.5 µm. The measured ring-shaped case uses a pulse energy of 720 µJ. The lower-fluence top-hat case uses a pulse energy of 540 µJ, corresponding to a uniform fluence of 22.3 J/cm². The higher-fluence top-hat case uses a pulse energy of 1080 µJ, corresponding to a uniform fluence of 44.6 J/cm². The file video_index.csv provides the full mapping between video labels, filenames, case identifiers, beam profiles, pulse energies, fluences, number of pulses, and visualization types. The file README.md contains the same visualization conventions and serves as documentation within the downloaded dataset. Please cite both the associated manuscript and this Zenodo dataset when using or referring to these videos.