Queensland groundwater dependent ecosystems

## **Abstract** \n\nThis dataset and its metadata statement were supplied to the Bioregional Assessment Programme by a third party and are presented here as originally supplied.\n\nSurface expression GDEs are ecosystems that are dependent on the discharge of groundwater on a permanent or intermittent basis to meet all or some of their water requirements so as to maintain their communities of plants and animals, ecological processes and ecosystem services. Surface expression GDE areafeatures include wetlands and regional ecosystems that have some surface groundwater dependency. This dataset is one of five datasets that describe the distribution of known and potential GDEs across the landscape. The complete set of GDE datasets is listed below. Information about the location and extent of known and potential GDEs was sourced from expert knowledge, literature and existing datasets. 1. Surface expression GDE points 2. Surface expression GDE lines 3. Surface expression GDE areas 4. Terrestrial GDE areas 5. Subterranean GDE areas As the different types of GDEs represent different overlapping layers or cross-sections of the landscape, it is recommended that the datasets be mapped in the order of listing shown above (i.e. surface expression GDE points on top) to maintain logical consistency and assist visualisation.\n\n## **Purpose** \n\nThere are five datasets that describe the distribution of known and potential GDEs across the landscape: 1. Surface expression GDE points, 2. Surface expression GDE lines, 3. Surface expression GDE areas, 4. Terrestrial GDE areas, 5. Subterranean GDE areas.\n\n## **Dataset History** \n\nLinework to delineate the GDE extent was sourced from the following datasets (held by the Queensland Herbarium, Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts): 1. Queensland Wetland Data Wetlands Mapping (2009 extent, Version 3.0) 2. Vegetation Communities and Regional Ecosystems (REs) of Queensland (2009 extent, Version 7.0) Although the wetlands linework was typically used to represent surface expression GDEs and regional ecosystems linework typically used to represent terrestrial GDEs, this was not always the case. A notable exception is the inclusion of riverine regional ecosystems as potential terrestrial GDEs. Non-wetland regional ecosystems have been used to delineate areas that may potentially contain surface expression GDEs such as geological contact zones where springs may be not detected as a wetland in current wetlands mapping due to their small size. ATTRIBUTION The attribution for this dataset was sourced from expert knowledge, literature and existing spatial datasets. Information about the location and extent of groundwater was collected at GDE workshops held for the eastern Murray-Darling Basin and Wide Bay and Burnett mapping areas. Information collected from regional staff and other experts with local knowledge of groundwater included the location of wetlands, springs and stream baseflow. Known and potential GDEs were identified in the GDE workshops and this is attributed in the data with the level of confidence (i.e. high, moderate or low) in the knowledge about the GDE. The degree of groundwater dependency is not described. An important part of the information collection at the GDE workshops included the capture of pictorial conceptual models which are representations of observed objects, phenomena and processes in a logical and objective way with the aim of constructing a formal system whose theoretical consequences are not contrary to what is observed in the real world. These pictorial conceptual models will be hyperlinked to the GDE spatial data to aid the interpretation of the data. For more information refer to the GDE pictorial conceptual models. Another key part of the information collected was the identification of GDE decision rules that described combinations of conditions where ecosystems are or are likely to be dependent on groundwater at a specific site or local area according to expert knowledge. GDE decision rules may include descriptions of conditions such as geology, vegetation, topographic position, elevation and rainfall zones. These decision rules were subsequently categorised and combined into GDE mapping rule-sets in preparation for their application using geographic information system (GIS) technology. GDE mapping rule-set is a combination of related decision rules with similar groundwater dependent ecosystem drivers and processes that when applied to spatial data sets through GIS analysis delineate where ecosystems are or are likely to be dependent on groundwater. These GDE mapping rule-sets are used to determine the 'derived' potential GDEs that make up the majority of the GDE mapping. A full list of GDE mapping rule-sets developed for the eastern MDB and WBB regions is described below. Note that where the GDE mapping rule-sets are used, this may result in the identification of surface expression GDEs and/or terrestrial GDEs according to the local conditions and landscape drivers.\n\n## **Dataset Citation** \n\n"Queensland Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts" (2013) Queensland groundwater dependent ecosystems. Bioregional Assessment Source Dataset. Viewed 25 October 2017, http://data.bioregionalassessments.gov.au/dataset/075cdc0a-382e-4040-9a70-fcd85a2da5d5.

**摘要**

本数据集及其元数据声明由第三方提交至生物区域评估计划（Bioregional Assessment Programme），此处按原始提交版本呈现。

地表型地下水依赖生态系统（Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems，简称GDE）是指依赖以持续或间歇方式排泄的地下水，以满足全部或部分水分需求，从而维持其动植物群落、生态过程与生态系统服务的生态系统。地表型GDE分布区的特征包括具备地表地下水依赖性的湿地与区域生态系统。本数据集为描述景观中已知与潜在GDE分布的五套数据集之一，完整的GDE数据集清单如下。已知与潜在GDE的位置及范围信息源自专家知识、文献资料与现有数据集。
1. 地表型GDE点位（Surface expression GDE points）
2. 地表型GDE线要素（Surface expression GDE lines）
3. 地表型GDE面要素（Surface expression GDE areas）
4. 陆地型GDE面要素（Terrestrial GDE areas）
5. 地下型GDE面要素（Subterranean GDE areas）
由于不同类型的GDE对应景观中不同的重叠图层或剖面，为保持逻辑一致性并便于可视化，建议按上述清单顺序叠加数据集（即地表型GDE点位置于最上层）。

**目的**

本套数据集包含五份用于描述景观中已知与潜在GDE分布的子数据集：
1. 地表型GDE点位
2. 地表型GDE线要素
3. 地表型GDE面要素
4. 陆地型GDE面要素
5. 地下型GDE面要素

**数据集历史**

用于勾勒GDE分布范围的矢量线要素源自以下数据集（由昆士兰州植物标本馆、科学、信息技术、创新与艺术部（Queensland Herbarium, Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts）持有）：
1. 昆士兰州湿地数据湿地制图（2009年范围，3.0版）（Queensland Wetland Data Wetlands Mapping (2009 extent, Version 3.0)）
2. 昆士兰州植被群落与区域生态系统（Regional Ecosystems，简称REs）（2009年范围，7.0版）（Vegetation Communities and Regional Ecosystems (REs) of Queensland (2009 extent, Version 7.0)）
尽管通常以湿地矢量线要素表征地表型GDE，以区域生态系统矢量线要素表征陆地型GDE，但实际情况并非完全如此。一个显著例外是将河流型区域生态系统纳入潜在陆地型GDE范畴。
非湿地型区域生态系统被用于勾勒可能存在地表型GDE的区域，例如因规模过小而在现有湿地制图中未被识别为湿地的地质接触带（此处可能存在泉水出露）。

**归因说明**
本数据集的归因信息源自专家知识、文献资料与现有空间数据集。针对墨累-达令盆地（Murray-Darling Basin，简称MDB）东部及宽湾-伯内特（Wide Bay and Burnett）制图区域举办的GDE研讨会收集了地下水位置与范围相关信息。
从区域工作人员及具备当地地下水认知的其他专家处收集的信息包括湿地、泉水与溪流基流的位置。在GDE研讨会上确定了已知与潜在GDE，并在数据中标注了对该GDE认知的置信等级（即高、中、低）。
本数据集未描述地下水依赖程度。GDE研讨会信息收集的重要环节之一是获取可视化概念模型：该模型以逻辑且客观的方式呈现观测对象、现象与过程，旨在构建一套理论结果与真实观测结果不矛盾的形式化系统。
此类可视化概念模型将通过超链接关联至GDE空间数据，以辅助数据解译。更多信息请参阅GDE可视化概念模型文档。
信息收集的另一核心环节是确定GDE决策规则：此类规则依据专家知识，描述特定点位或局部区域内生态系统已具备或可能具备地下水依赖性的条件组合。
GDE决策规则可涵盖地质、植被、地形位置、海拔与降雨分区等条件描述。随后，这些决策规则被分类并整合为GDE制图规则集，为借助地理信息系统（Geographic Information System，简称GIS）技术开展应用做准备。
GDE制图规则集是将具备相似地下水依赖生态系统驱动因子与过程的相关决策规则进行组合的产物，通过GIS分析应用于空间数据集后，可勾勒出生态系统已具备或可能具备地下水依赖性的区域。
此类GDE制图规则集用于确定占GDE制图绝大多数的‘衍生’潜在GDE。针对墨累-达令盆地东部（MDB）与宽湾-伯内特（WBB）区域开发的GDE制图规则集完整清单如下。需注意：使用GDE制图规则集时，可依据当地条件与景观驱动因子识别地表型GDE和/或陆地型GDE。

**数据集引用**

‘昆士兰州科学、信息技术、创新与艺术部’（2013） 昆士兰州地下水依赖生态系统。生物区域评估源数据集。2017年10月25日查阅，http://data.bioregionalassessments.gov.au/dataset/075cdc0a-382e-4040-9a70-fcd85a2da5d5。