Structural Colour in Red Seaweeds - NHM Herbarium and Literature data - March 2025

# Herbarium and literature data on structurally coloured red seaweeds DOI of dataset: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16163198 The data presented here is taken from research done in the algal herbarium of the Natural History Museum London (BM), United Kingdom. The investigation consisted of looking through the herbarium collection for red algal species reported to have structural colour. Each specimen was photographed and later each photograph was analysed, the data extracted manually to be added to the database. The data presented here is a snapshot extracted from the database at the time of the writing of the paper, and the database itself is a constant work in progress. The data was used for the review article "Structural colour in red seaweeds is more common and diverse than has been presumed", Arnould-Pétré M., Vignolini S., Brodie J., 2025, Journal of the Royal Society Interface (in press). structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-herbarium-data.csv structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-literature-data.csv structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-taxonomic table.csv structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-literature-data-sources.csv The main data is in the files "structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-herbarium-data.csv" and "structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-literature-data.csv". The other two files help to reference the species or the literature sources, respectively. ## Description of the data and file structure### Data The data was initially input in our Access database on the basis of one record (i.e. row or entry) per specimen having the exact same information (e.g. species name, exact location of collection, date of collection...). Most of the time, for the herbarium data, this means 1 record = 1 specimen. For the literature data, this means one species in a book = one record, one species in two different books = two records. The data is directly extracted from the database table (filtered by the relevant geographic location). ### A few things to note: NB1. The literature-based data and the herbarium-based data have different kind of information, notably the literature-based one has a column on the mention of structural colour (SC) in the source, which the herbarium data does not have. Additionally, the literature-based data does not have the details of the geographic localities like the herbarium-based data has (to find detailed geographic localities of the literature records, see directly in the source). NB2. Everywhere in the files, 'SC' stands for "Structural Colour". NB3. Not all regions have literature data. ### Files: 1. structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-taxonomic-table.csv Full list of species used for the investigation, with their taxonomic affiliations. Based on the currently accepted taxonomy as recorded on Algaebase (Guiry MD, Guiry GM. 2025 AlgaeBase. AlgaeBase - World-wide electronic publication, University of Galway. See https://www.algaebase.org (accessed on 25 March 2025). Description of the rows: Row name description Order the taxonomic order of the species Family the taxonomic family of the species Genus the taxonomic genus of the species SpeciesID full species name 2. structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-herbarium-data.csv: Data extracted from the algal herbarium at the Natural History Museum (BM). Description of the rows: Row name description mapID number identifying the region defined in the manuscript RecordID unique identifier in the original Access database SpeciesID name of the species (genus and epithet). GeographicLocation Country (or territory) of collection of the specimen - one locality per record (i.e. there is a different record for each location in the same species). LocationPrecision region, address, zone, landmark - any detail beyond the country, as given in herbarium. StandardizedRegion* Standard locality - applied from Algaebase (www.algaebase.org) geographic distribution. LatPosition* Rough zonation on a latitudinal gradient - as visible on a map. GeoCoordinates Coordinates - as given in herbarium Habitat type of habitat the specimen was found in - as given in herbarium. SpecimenCount number of specimen with the same collection characteristics (i.e. same species, same collection date and location) HerbariumID Herbarium where the specimen is currently hosted CollectionRef any annotation on the specimen that helps in identifying exactly which sheet of the herbarium it is (in case record needs to be cross-checked). SpecimenComment comments written in herbarium about the material. RecordNote* comments by the user inputting the record: doubts about location, key information etc. * The fields "StandardizedRegion" and "LatPosition" and "RecordNote" are the only fields which have data not directly copied from the herbarium sheet. 3. structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-literature-data.csvData extracted from the literature (algal flora). Description of the rows: Row name description mapID number identifying the region defined in the manuscript EntryID unique identifier in the original Access database SpeciesID name of the species (genus and epithet). GeographicLocation Country (or territory) of collection of the specimen - one locality per record (i.e. there is a different record for each location in the same species). SCmention whether the source mentions structural colour or iridescence in the description. SourceCmtRecord comment from the source of the record, about the general distribution (above country level). UserNoteRecord note from the user inputting the data, about the record. BiblioRefSource "BibLaTex citekey" reference to the source of the information - cf. column 2 of the file "structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-literature-data-sources.csv" BiblioRefEntry "BibLaTex citekey_p#": reference to the page corresponding to the record in the literature source - same as the BiblioRefSource but with the page number added. 4. structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-literature-data-sources.csv Bibliographical details of the literature sources used in the file "structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-literature-data.csv". Description of the rows: Row name description RowID unique identifier in the original Access database. BiblioRefSource "BibLaTex citekey" reference to the source of the information - same as in column 9 of the file "structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-literature-data.csv" SourceType Type of source (Book, Article, Website...) FullTitle Full title of the literature source FullAuthor1 First author of the literature source. YearPublication year of publication. WebLink link to source if online. ### Common fields in the different files The columns with the same name across files can be used to connect the data. Notably, BiblioRefSource in the "structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-literature-data.csv" file and the "structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-literature-data-sources.csv" can be used to link the row in the first file to the source's metadata in the detailed in the second file. Another example: "SpeciesID" in all the files can be used to find the higher taxonomic order of the species in the file "structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-taxonomic-table.csv".# 具有结构色的红藻标本馆与文献数据集 数据集DOI：https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16163198 本数据集源自英国伦敦自然历史博物馆藻类标本馆（BM）的相关研究。研究团队对馆藏中被报道具有结构色（Structural Colour）的红藻物种开展了系统检视：对每份标本拍摄照片并进行后续图像分析，手动提取相关数据后录入数据库。本数据集为论文撰写时从数据库截取的快照，该数据库仍处于持续更新中。 本数据用于综述论文《红藻的结构色比此前预想的更普遍且多样》，作者为Arnould-Pétré M.、Vignolini S.、Brodie J.，发表于《英国皇家学会界面期刊》（已接收待刊，2025年）。 本次提供的数据文件包括： structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-herbarium-data.csv structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-literature-data.csv structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-taxonomic table.csv structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-literature-data-sources.csv 其中核心数据存储于`structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-herbarium-data.csv`与`structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-literature-data.csv`，其余两个文件分别用于物种或文献来源的引用关联。 ## 数据与文件结构说明 ### 数据概况 本数据最初录入Access数据库，每条记录（即行/条目）对应一份信息完全一致的标本：多数情况下，标本馆数据的1条记录对应1份标本；而文献数据中，1本书籍中的1个物种对应1条记录，同一物种在两本不同书籍中则对应2条记录。数据直接从按相关地理区域筛选后的数据库表中提取。 ### 注意事项 NB1. 文献类数据与标本馆类数据的信息字段存在差异：文献数据包含源文献中关于结构色（SC）的提及情况字段，而标本馆数据无此字段；此外文献数据不包含标本馆数据所具备的详细地理点位信息，若需查找文献记录的详细地理信息，请直接查阅源文献。 NB2. 所有文件中，“SC”均代表“结构色（Structural Colour）”。 NB3. 并非所有区域均配有配套的文献数据。 ### 文件详情 1. **structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-taxonomic table.csv** 本文件包含本研究使用的所有物种的完整列表及其分类归属，基于Algaebase收录的当前公认分类系统（Guiry MD, Guiry GM. 2025 AlgaeBase. AlgaeBase - World-wide electronic publication, University of Galway. 详见https://www.algaebase.org，2025年3月25日访问）。 各字段说明如下： - Order：物种的分类目 - Family：物种的分类科 - Genus：物种的分类属 - SpeciesID：物种完整学名 2. **structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-herbarium-data.csv** 本文件数据源自伦敦自然历史博物馆（BM）的藻类标本馆。 各字段说明如下： - mapID：本手稿中定义的区域编号 - RecordID：原始Access数据库中的唯一标识符 - SpeciesID：物种名称（属名+种加词） - GeographicLocation：标本的采集国家（或地区），每条记录对应一个采集地（同一物种的不同采集地对应不同记录） - LocationPrecision：除国家外的区域、地址、地标等详细采集地点信息（源自标本馆标签） - StandardizedRegion*：基于Algaebase（www.algaebase.org）地理分布标准化后的采集地 - LatPosition*：基于地图的大致纬度梯度分区 - GeoCoordinates：标本馆标签记录的采集坐标 - Habitat：标本的生境类型（源自标本馆标签） - SpecimenCount：具有相同采集特征（相同物种、相同采集日期和地点）的标本数量 - HerbariumID：标本当前所在的标本馆代码 - CollectionRef：用于准确定位标本馆标本片的标注信息（用于交叉核对记录时参考） - SpecimenComment：标本馆标签上关于标本材料的注释 - RecordNote*：数据录入者的备注（如地点存疑、关键信息等） *注：`StandardizedRegion`、`LatPosition`和`RecordNote`这三个字段的数据并非直接复制自标本馆标签。 3. **structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-literature-data.csv** 本文件数据提取自藻类区系相关文献。 各字段说明如下： - mapID：本手稿中定义的区域编号 - EntryID：原始Access数据库中的唯一标识符 - SpeciesID：物种名称（属名+种加词） - GeographicLocation：标本的采集国家（或地区），每条记录对应一个采集地（同一物种的不同采集地对应不同记录） - SCmention：源文献中是否提及结构色或虹彩现象 - SourceCmtRecord：源文献中关于物种分布（高于国家层级）的注释 - UserNoteRecord：数据录入者关于该记录的备注 - BiblioRefSource：指向该信息源的“BibLaTex引用键”，对应`structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-literature-data-sources.csv`的第2列 - BiblioRefEntry：格式为“BibLaTex引用键_p#”，指向文献源中该记录对应的页码，即在`BiblioRefSource`基础上添加了页码信息 4. **structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-literature-data-sources.csv** 本文件包含`structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-literature-data.csv`中所用文献源的书目详细信息。 各字段说明如下： - RowID：原始Access数据库中的唯一标识符 - BiblioRefSource：指向该信息源的“BibLaTex引用键”，与`structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-literature-data.csv`第9列的内容一致 - SourceType：文献源类型（书籍、期刊文章、网站等） - FullTitle：文献源的完整标题 - FullAuthor1：文献的第一作者 - YearPublication：出版年份 - WebLink：在线源的链接（若有） ### 文件通用关联字段 不同文件中的同名列可用于数据关联：例如，`structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-literature-data.csv`与`structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-literature-data-sources.csv`中的`BiblioRefSource`字段可用于将前者的记录与后者的源元数据关联；此外，所有文件中的`SpeciesID`字段可用于在`structurally-coloured-red-seaweeds-taxonomic table.csv`中查找该物种的高级分类层级信息。