Characteristics of included studies.

Abbreviations: Gastric: gastric carcinoma; RCC: renal cell carcinoma; HNC: head and neck carcinoma; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; ICC: intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; NSCLC: non-small-cell lung cancer; CRC: colorectal carcinomas; CC: cervical cancer; PDC: pancreatic ductal carcinoma; HE: hematoxylin-eosin staining; OS: overall survival; CSS: cancer-specific survival; RFS: recurrence-free survival; DFS: disease-free survival; NM: not mentioned; a: OS; b: CSS; c: RFS; d: DFS; m: months; y: years; DE: data extrapolated; SR: systematic review [36].