Inciepient soil in proglacial areas of the Maladeta massif (Central Pyrenees)

Only 87.9% of the Little Ice Age glaciers remain in the Maladeta massif (Central Pyrenees). This deglaciation has led to an increase in proglacial areas, allowing the development of new habitats. 86 samples of incipient soils were selected in this massif to study which variables have more influence on the development of incipient soils. Geochemical, microbiological and statistical analyses were carried out under the hypothesis that the time of deglaciation controls the evolution of these incipient soils. In these very incipient soils, the time of deglaciation does not seem to be a key factor that determines the development of the soils. Despitethis, the duration of the snow cover (strongly influenced by the topography) is a factor that explains the degree of development of the soils. Moreover, the percentage of silt content has been shown to give the soil a higher reactivity, water and nutrient retentioncapacity and greater stability. A pattern of biological succession was found, from bacteria as colonisers to fungi in subsequent stages, and finally to plants colonising the habitats. Finally, the impact of mountain tourism in the most transited sector of theMaladeta massif (the Aneto cirque) showed a high concentration of nitrate which favours primary productivity and increases the abundance of microorganisms.马拉德塔地块（比利牛斯山脉中部）现存的小冰期冰川仅余87.9%。此次冰川消退使得冰前区域面积扩张，进而催生了全新的生境。研究团队在该地块选取了86份初始土壤样本，旨在探究哪些变量对初始土壤的发育影响更为显著。本次研究以"冰川消退时长调控此类初始土壤的演化进程"为假设前提，开展了地球化学、微生物学与统计学分析。然而针对这类极早期初始土壤的研究发现，冰川消退时长并非决定土壤发育的关键因素。尽管如此，积雪覆盖时长（其受地形影响极大）是解释土壤发育程度的关键因子。此外，研究证实粉粒占比更高的土壤具备更强的化学活性、保水保肥能力与结构稳定性。研究还发现了一套清晰的生物演替模式：以细菌作为拓殖先锋，后续阶段过渡为真菌，最终由植物进驻该类生境。最后，针对马拉德塔地块人流最为密集的阿内托冰斗区域开展的山地旅游影响研究显示，该区域硝酸盐浓度偏高，这不仅有利于初级生产力提升，同时也增加了微生物的丰度。