Phosphine-Nitrogen-Phosphine chelated CoCl2 (Co68) is a novel therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer [RNA-seq]

Pancreatic cancer is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally by 2030, yet effective therapeutic options remain limited. Within the pancreatic cancer tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) secrete interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß), promoting cancer progression while suppressing type I interferons (IFN-I), which is critical for effective tumor treatment. Utilizing the convolutional neural network (CNN)-based DLINP model developed in our laboratory, we identified Co68—an effective metal catalyst featuring a Phosphine-Nitrogen-Phosphine (PNP)-chelated CoCl2 complex—as a promising candidate to modulate these immune pathways. In preclinical animal models, Co68 demonstrated superior antitumor efficacy compared to the STING agonist DMXAA and showed enhanced therapeutic effects when combined with PD-1 blockade. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed that Co68 reprograms TAMs to express interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), attenuates pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, and disrupts the IL-1ß-PGE2 feedback loop, thereby facilitating the recruitment of NK and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells into the TME. Mechanistically, Co68 activates the IFN-I signaling pathway through the TLR4-TRIF-IFN-I axis and weakens inflammation via the TLR4-SYK-STAT1 pathway. Collectively, these findings highlight the therapeutic potential of Co68, derived from PNP-pincer chemistry, to reshape immune dynamics within the pancreatic cancer TME, positioning it as a promising candidate for innovative immunotherapy strategies. Overall design: To investigate the transcriptomic mechanisms by which Co68 modulates the inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in macrophages, we performed bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on the RAW 264.7 cell line. In detail, we conducted a comprehensive gene expression profiling analysis utilizing RNA-seq data from wild-type (WT) RAW 264.7 cells treated with DMSO, LPS, LPS-Co68, and Co68 for a duration of 3 hours. Subsequently, we performed a comparative gene expression profiling analysis of the RNA-seq data across the DMSO, LPS, LPS-Co68, and Co68 treatment groups.