Dataset for: Quantitative trait loci associated with improved fruit yield under heat-stress conditions in fresh-market tomato.

Tomato production during the fall season in Florida is affected by high temperatures that coincide with flowering and early fruit development, often leading to poor fruit set and reduced yields. We hypothesized that specific genomic regions in a fresh-market tomato recombinant inbred line (RIL) population segregate for fruit yield under naturally occurring heat stress, and that identifying these regions would provide genetic targets for breeding programs targeting high-temperature production environments. To explore this, we evaluated a RIL population derived from crossing a heat-tolerant parent with a heat-susceptible parent across three fall growing seasons in Florida. Plants were transplanted in early August so that the critical flowering and fruit-setting stages would occur during the hottest part of the season. Fruit was harvested multiple times throughout the season and yield was recorded at each harvest. DNA was extracted from each line and genotyped using a commercial SNP marker panel, which was used to build a genetic map and identify regions of the genome associated with yield differences among the lines. A follow-up validation study was conducted in a subsequent fall season using backcross populations segregating for the major chromosome 12 region to confirm the contribution of this locus to fruit yield under heat stress. The results showed that several regions of the tomato genome were associated with fruit yield under heat stress, with one region on chromosome 12 standing out as particularly consistent across years and populations. Lines carrying the favorable version of this chromosome 12 region consistently produced more fruit under hot field conditions than lines without it. The uploaded ZIP file contains data files supporting this study. The raw fruit yield data file contains plot-level yield measurements recorded across multiple harvest windows and growing seasons for all evaluated lines. The calculated BLUE file contains best linear unbiased estimates derived from the raw yield data for each genotype and year, representing the adjusted genotypic performance values used as input for QTL mapping. The linkage map construction file contains the filtered SNP marker data used to build the genetic map. The QTL analysis file contains the data inputs used for multi-environment QTL analysis. The weather data file contains daily maximum and minimum temperature records obtained from the Florida Automated Weather Network (FAWN) Balm station for the duration of the growing seasons, which were used to characterize heat stress conditions during the field evaluation period. The phenotype folder also contains fruit yield data file from the backcross validation populations evaluated to confirm the effect of the chromosome 12 locus on fruit yield under heat stress conditions. Readers are encouraged to refer to the associated publication for full details on methods, statistical analyses, and interpretation of results.佛罗里达州秋季番茄生产常受与开花及早期果实发育重合的高温影响，进而导致坐果不良与产量降低。我们提出假说：鲜食番茄重组自交系（recombinant inbred line, RIL）群体中的特定基因组区域会在自然热胁迫下分离出与果实产量相关的位点，而鉴定这些区域可为针对高温生产环境的育种项目提供遗传靶点。 为探究该假说，我们评估了一个由耐热亲本与热敏感亲本杂交得到的RIL群体，该群体在佛罗里达州的3个秋季生长季中开展种植试验。植株于8月初移栽，以使关键的开花与坐果阶段处于当季最热时段。整个生长季内多次采收果实，并记录每次采收的产量。从每个株系中提取DNA，使用商业化单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP）标记面板进行基因分型，以此构建遗传图谱并鉴定株系间产量差异相关的基因组区域。后续在随后的一个秋季生长季中，利用针对12号染色体主要区域分离的回交群体开展验证实验，以确认该位点在热胁迫下对果实产量的贡献。 研究结果显示，番茄基因组中的多个区域与热胁迫下的果实产量相关，其中12号染色体上的一个区域在不同年份与群体中均表现出显著的一致性。携带该12号染色体有利等位基因的株系，在炎热田间条件下的果实产量始终高于未携带该等位基因的株系。 上传的ZIP压缩包包含支撑本研究的各类数据文件。原始果实产量数据文件包含所有评估株系在多个采收窗口与生长季中记录的小区级产量测量值。计算得到的最佳线性无偏估计（best linear unbiased estimate, BLUE）文件包含基于原始产量数据推导得到的、针对每个基因型与年份的最佳线性无偏估计值，即作为数量性状位点（quantitative trait locus, QTL）定位输入的校正后基因型表现值。遗传图谱构建文件包含用于构建遗传图谱的过滤后SNP标记数据。QTL分析文件包含用于多环境QTL分析的数据输入内容。气象数据文件包含来自佛罗里达自动气象网络（Florida Automated Weather Network, FAWN）Balm站点的生长季期间每日最高与最低气温记录，该数据用于表征田间评估阶段的热胁迫环境。表型文件夹还包含回交验证群体的果实产量数据，该群体用于验证12号染色体位点在热胁迫条件下对果实产量的影响。建议读者查阅相关发表文献以获取方法、统计分析与结果解读的完整细节。