Data and code from: Mixed infection, risk projection and misdirection: Interactions among pathogens alter links between host resources and disease

A growing body of literature links resources of hosts to their risk of infectious disease. Yet most hosts encounter multiple pathogens, and projections of disease risk based on resource availability could be fundamentally wrong if they do not account for interactions among pathogens within hosts. Here, we measured infection risk of grass hosts (Avena sativa) exposed to three naturally-co-occurring viruses either singly or jointly (barley and cereal yellow dwarf viruses [B/CYDVs]: CYDV-RPV, BYDV-PAV, and BYDV-SGV) along experimental gradients of nitrogen and phosphorus supply. We asked whether disease risk (i.e., infection prevalence) differed in single versus co-inoculations, and whether these differences varied with rates and ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus supply. In single inoculations, the viruses did not respond strongly to nitrogen or phosphorus. However, in co-inoculations, we detected illustrative cases of 1) resource-dependent antagonism (RPV with increasing N; possibly due t...

越来越多的相关研究文献表明，宿主（host）的资源供给与其传染病感染风险紧密相关。然而，多数宿主会同时暴露于多种病原体，若未考虑宿主体内的病原体间相互作用，基于资源可获得性的疾病风险预测模型可能会出现根本性偏差。本研究在氮、磷供给的实验梯度下，测定了草本宿主（燕麦（Avena sativa））分别单独或联合暴露于三种自然共存病毒时的感染风险；所涉病毒为大麦黄矮病毒与谷类黄矮病毒（barley and cereal yellow dwarf viruses [B/CYDVs]），包含CYDV-RPV、BYDV-PAV及BYDV-SGV。本研究旨在明确两个核心问题：一是单次接种与共接种的疾病风险（即感染率）是否存在差异；二是这类差异是否随氮、磷供给的速率与比例发生变化。在单次接种实验中，各类病毒对氮、磷供给的响应并不显著。但在共接种实验中，我们观测到两类典型案例：1）资源依赖性拮抗作用（如RPV随氮供给水平升高而表现出的拮抗效应，其潜在机制可能为……